“…The rest of the population uses cars or motorcycles for urban travel. This is unsurprising considering the poor quality and erratic nature of public transport services in much of Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Al-Ayyash and Abou-Zeid 2019 ; Huynh 2020 ; Nguyen et al 2019 ; Nguyen and Pojani 2018 ; Pojani 2020 ). It is only in cities with superior BRT systems, such as Curitiba or Bogotá, that the share of transit use surpasses 50 percent among students; but even here, car use is popular (Duarte et al 2016 ).…”
University students are regarded as a readily available market segment for public transport. In Hanoi, as elsewhere, they constitute a large portion of bus passengers. However, one portion has been quitting buses, and the reasons were so far unknown. Nor was it clear whether they planned on retuning. Through a survey of more than 800 students in seven higher education institutions, this study aimed to find the answers to these questions. The study revealed that bus ridership was determined by socio-demographic variables (year of studies, household income, employment status, motorcycle ownership), environmental variables (home-university distance), and psychological variables (convenience, bus staff behaviour, risk of sexual harassment, reliability and health, image and status). A negative disruptor such as the fear of Covid-19 infection had little effect on the decision to continue riding buses. Meanwhile, the prospect of riding ‘clean and green’ electric buses, which were introduced in a pilot program, was a positive disruptor that may lead a portion of students to return to public transport.
“…The rest of the population uses cars or motorcycles for urban travel. This is unsurprising considering the poor quality and erratic nature of public transport services in much of Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Al-Ayyash and Abou-Zeid 2019 ; Huynh 2020 ; Nguyen et al 2019 ; Nguyen and Pojani 2018 ; Pojani 2020 ). It is only in cities with superior BRT systems, such as Curitiba or Bogotá, that the share of transit use surpasses 50 percent among students; but even here, car use is popular (Duarte et al 2016 ).…”
University students are regarded as a readily available market segment for public transport. In Hanoi, as elsewhere, they constitute a large portion of bus passengers. However, one portion has been quitting buses, and the reasons were so far unknown. Nor was it clear whether they planned on retuning. Through a survey of more than 800 students in seven higher education institutions, this study aimed to find the answers to these questions. The study revealed that bus ridership was determined by socio-demographic variables (year of studies, household income, employment status, motorcycle ownership), environmental variables (home-university distance), and psychological variables (convenience, bus staff behaviour, risk of sexual harassment, reliability and health, image and status). A negative disruptor such as the fear of Covid-19 infection had little effect on the decision to continue riding buses. Meanwhile, the prospect of riding ‘clean and green’ electric buses, which were introduced in a pilot program, was a positive disruptor that may lead a portion of students to return to public transport.
This paper contributes to the public transport literature by ascertaining the role of involvement upon the service quality-satisfaction-behavioral intentions paradigm from the point of view of private vehicle users. This is the first study that provides a comprehensive understanding of this framework based on the private vehicle users’ perspective. The added value of this research is that, by using a structural equation modeling approach, it provides a comparison of alternative models and uses data from different samples collected in five large metropolitan areas (Berlin, Lisbon, London, Madrid and Rome) for modeling validation. In addition, a SEM-MIMIC approach was applied for controlling the heterogeneity of data due to specific characteristics of the interviewee (territorial setting, place of residence, demographic and socio-economic characteristics and travel related variables). The findings show that involvement is a full mediator between satisfaction and behavioral intentions, and that satisfaction is a full mediator between service quality and involvement. Furthermore, the SEM-MIMIC results revealed that the four latent factors investigated (service quality, satisfaction, involvement and behavioral intentions) dealt with highly heterogenous data. However, the most important finding is that private vehicle users’ involvement is the factor that contributes most to their behavioral intentions towards public transport. Hence, public transport managers might benefit from these outcomes when establishing detailed policies and specific guidelines for public transport systems to engage private vehicle users in a higher degree of usage of public transport services.
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