Investigating a human pesticide intoxication incident: The importance of robust analytical approaches

Kasiotis, Konstantinos M.; Baira, Eirini; Manea-Karga, Electra; Nikolopoulou, Dimitra; Ganas, K.; Machera, Kyriaki

doi:10.1515/chem-2021-0193

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Studies focusing on the analysis of co-formulants by liquid chromatography (LC) are extremely scarce, as the few available studies usually address the determination of active substances, whereas those that consider co-formulants usually apply gas chromatography (GC). − Despite this, previous studies have been carried out by other authors, with different methodologies and results. For instance, Schaller et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Co-Formulants in Marketed Plant Protection Products by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS: Application of a Hybrid Data Treatment Strategy Combining Suspect Screening and Unknown Analysis

Maldonado-Reina

López‐Ruiz

Romero-González

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The aim of this study was the determination of co-formulants in 15 different chlorantraniliprole-and difenoconazolebased plant protection products (PPPs) belonging to different formulations. Samples were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass accuracy spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), operating in fullscan MS and data-dependent acquisition (ddMS 2 ) modes. A total of 78 co-formulants were tentatively identified by a combination of suspect screening and unknown analysis. Nine of them were later confirmed by analytical standards. Finally, the analytical method was successfully validated and co-formulants were quantified. Linear alkyl ethoxylates (LAS) were the most common type of coformulant, followed by sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates. Moreover, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate had the highest concentration of any co-formulant (up to 32.33 g/L). In all, an innovative identification of co-formulants in a large number of PPPs is presented, which will give room for future studies delving into the composition of PPPs or determining these co-formulants in environmental or agricultural samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Co-Formulants in Marketed Plant Protection Products by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS: Application of a Hybrid Data Treatment Strategy Combining Suspect Screening and Unknown Analysis

Maldonado-Reina

López‐Ruiz

Romero-González

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…This might be possible after a more comprehensive survey and documentation of poisoning is achieved. Identification of factors influencing the CFR can further be supported by analytical approaches [87]. This might assist to objectively link exposure data to symptoms and allows mitigating factors like protective clothing and handling procedures as well as quality and stability of pesticide formulations to be taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Fatality as an Indicator for the Human Toxicity of Pesticides—A Systematic Scoping Review on the Availability and Variability of Severity Indicators of Pesticide Poisoning

Moebus

Boedeker²

2021

IJERPH

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Objective: To investigate if case fatality and other indicators of the severity of human pesticide poisonings can be used to prioritize pesticides of public health concern. To study the heterogeneity of data across countries, cause of poisonings, and treatment facilities. Methods: We searched literature databases as well as the internet for studies on case-fatality and severity scores of pesticide poisoning. Studies published between 1990 and 2014 providing information on active ingredients in pesticides or chemical groups of active ingredients were included. The variability of case-fatality-ratios was analyzed by computing the coefficient of variation as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. Findings: A total of 149 papers were identified of which 67 could be included after assessment. Case-fatality-ratio (CFR) on 66 active ingredients and additionally on 13 groups of active ingredients were reported from 20 countries. The overall median CFR for group of pesticides was 9%, for single pesticides 8%. Of those 12 active ingredients with a CFR above 20% more than half are WHO-classified as “moderately hazardous” or “unlikely to present acute hazard”. Two of seven pesticides considered “unlikely to present hazard in normal use” showed a CFR above 20%. The cross-study variability of reported case fatality was rather low. Studies most often utilized the Glasgow Coma Score for grading the severity of poisoning. Conclusion: Although human pesticide poisoning is a serious public health problem, an unexpectedly small number of publications report on the clinical outcomes within our study period. However, CFRs of acute human pesticide poisoning are available for several groups of pesticides as well as for active ingredients showing moderate cross-study variability. Our results underline that CFR is an indicator of the human toxicity of pesticides and can be utilized to prioritize highly hazardous pesticides especially since there is limited correspondence between the animal-test-based hazard classification and the human CFR of the respective pesticide. The reporting of available poisoning data should be improved, human case-fatality data are a reasonable tool to be included systematically in the periodic statutory review of pesticides and their regulation.

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“…The optimised protocol proposed by the authors allowed for the detection of more than 330 VCs. The same protocol was applied by other authors to evaluate the concentrations of several pesticides and metabolites in human biological fluids [ 37 ].…”

Section: Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry versus Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Detection of Volatile Compounds from the Human Body

et al. 2021

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that can be used for various applications in a number of scientific areas including environmental, security, forensic science, space exploration, agri-food, and numerous others. MS is also continuing to offer new insights into the proteomic and metabolomic fields. MS techniques are frequently used for the analysis of volatile compounds (VCs). The detection of VCs from human samples has the potential to aid in the diagnosis of diseases, in monitoring drug metabolites, and in providing insight into metabolic processes. The broad usage of MS has resulted in numerous variations of the technique being developed over the years, which can be divided into hyphenated and real-time MS techniques. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques coupled with MS offer unparalleled qualitative analysis and high accuracy and sensitivity, even when analysing complex matrices (breath, urine, stool, etc.). However, these benefits are traded for a significantly longer analysis time and a greater need for sample preparation and method development. On the other hand, real-time MS techniques offer highly sensitive quantitative data. Additionally, real-time techniques can provide results in a matter of minutes or even seconds, without altering the sample in any way. However, real-time MS can only offer tentative qualitative data and suffers from molecular weight overlap in complex matrices. This review compares hyphenated and real-time MS methods and provides examples of applications for each technique for the detection of VCs from humans.

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Investigating a human pesticide intoxication incident: The importance of robust analytical approaches

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Assessment of Co-Formulants in Marketed Plant Protection Products by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS: Application of a Hybrid Data Treatment Strategy Combining Suspect Screening and Unknown Analysis

Assessment of Co-Formulants in Marketed Plant Protection Products by LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS: Application of a Hybrid Data Treatment Strategy Combining Suspect Screening and Unknown Analysis

Case Fatality as an Indicator for the Human Toxicity of Pesticides—A Systematic Scoping Review on the Availability and Variability of Severity Indicators of Pesticide Poisoning

Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry versus Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Detection of Volatile Compounds from the Human Body

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