Investasi Asing Langsung dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Perbandingan Empiris Indonesia dan Singapura

Abstract

This study assesses the causal relationship to see whether the investment will affect economic growth. The data was taken from 1970-2020 in unit percentages, so the results obtained will lead to the research objectives. This research is also the direction of the relationship between two variables using several tests, namely the Granger Casualty and Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show a one-way causal relationship between FDI and economic growth and determine the lag that has been tested. The optimal lag in the second year of FDI is proven to affect economic growth in Indonesia in two years. There is a long-term and short-term relationship when direct investment affects Singapore's economic growth in the period 1970-2020. As a developed country, the creation of a one-way causal relationship, foreign direct investment is proven to affect economic growth. Thus, compared to developing countries such as Indonesia, where the optimal lag test is carried out, the one-way relationship of foreign investment is proven to affect Singapore's economic growth within two years, including the long term. And the short-term relationship when direct investment involves economic growth.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Demand for Money in Indonesia

“…If interest rates are high, people will tend to save money in banks or invest capital in other instruments that provide greater profits than holding cash. Conversely, if interest rates are low, people will tend to hold cash because there is no incentive to save or invest (Gandhi et al, 2022). Keynes (1936) put forward a theory that explains the link between interest and the desire to have money.…”

“…The concept of money demand plays an important role in macroeconomics because it is related to monetary policy, economic growth and inflation rates (Gandhi et al, 2022). The demand for money reflects how much money individuals want to save for transaction purposes, savings as reserves, or investments (Bahmani-Oskooee & Nayeri, 2020;Dou, 2018).The determinants of money demand can be categorized as structural, such as national income, interest rates, and inflation, or behavioral, such as transaction patterns, liquidity preferences and societal expectations (Twinoburyo & Odhiambo, 2018).…”

Pengaruh Digital Payment Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia: Analisis Kawasan di Indonesia Selama Pandemi Covid-19

“…Selain itu terdapat hubungan langsung antara investasi asing langsung dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, baik dalam jangka panjang maupun pendek. (Gandhi et al, 2022). Pembayaran Digital secara tidak langsung dapat berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.…”

Pengaruh Pembangunan Pertanian terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1985-2022

“…Kesanggupan ini berkembang seiring pada pertumbuhan teknologi serta adaptasi kelembagaan serta ideologi yang diperlukan. Aktivitas peningkatan perekonomian dijalankan pada jangka pendek dan jangka panjang di sebuah negara, termasuk Indonesia (Gandhi et al, 2022) Pertumbuhan ekonomi terus menjadi perhatian guna kemajuan sebuah negara, Indonesia dengan mayoritas penduduk bekerja pada sektor primer, membuat pemerintah gencar dalam rencana hilirisasi industry supaya penyerapan tenaga kerja dapat terjadi dengan baik dalam mengahadapi bonus demografi mendatang. Urgensi ini juga muncul akibat jumlah penduduk yang semakin bertambah sehingga hilirisasi harus industry harus melihat kesiapan partisipasi Pembangunan pertanian terhadap negara.…”