Inverting interpolated receiver functions with surface wave dispersion and gravity: Application to the western U.S. and adjacent Canada and Mexico

Chai, Chengping; Ammon, Charles J.; Maceira, Mónica; Herrmann, Robert B.

doi:10.1002/2015gl063733

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…(b) Block diagram showing simplified Quaternary faults in the RGR (Machette et al, ) and volcanic fields <20 Ma in CO and NM. The depth profile colors are Vs speeds in km/s from the WUS‐CAMHI‐2015 model obtained through IRIS ( http://ds.iris.edu/dms/products/emc/gcross‐section.html) (Chai et al, ). Note the lithospheric thickness difference beneath the northern and southern parts of the RGR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Continental Rifting Processes From Spatiotemporal Patterns of Faulting and Magmatism in the Rio Grande Rift, USA

Abbey

Niemi

2020

Tectonics

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Analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of faulting and magmatism in the Rio Grande rift (RGR) in New Mexico and Colorado, USA, yields insights into continental rift processes, extension accommodation mechanisms, and rift evolution models. We combine new apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometric data with previously published thermochronometric data to assess the timing of fault initiation, magnitudes of fault exhumation, and growth and linkage patterns of rift faults. Thermal history modeling of these data reveals contemporaneous rift initiation at ca. 25 Ma in both the northern and southern RGR with continued fault initiation, growth, and linkage progressing from ca. 25 to ca. 15 Ma. The central RGR, however, shows no evidence of Cenozoic fault-related exhumation as observed with thermochronometry and instead reveals extension accommodated through Late Cenozoic magmatic injection. Furthermore, faulting in the northern and southern RGR occurs along an approximately north-south strike, whereas magmatism in the central RGR occurs along the northeast to southwest trending Jemez lineament. Differences in deformation orientation and rift accommodation along strike appear to be related to crustal and lithospheric properties, suggesting that rift structure and geometry are at least partly controlled by inherited lithospheric-scale architecture. We propose an evolutionary model for the RGR that involves initiation of fault-accommodated extension by oblique strain followed by block rotation of the Colorado Plateau, where extension in the RGR is accommodated by faulting (southern and northern RGR) and magmatism (central RGR). This study highlights different processes related to initiation, geometry, extension accommodation, and overall development of continental rifts. Plain Language SummaryWe identify patterns of faulting and volcanism in the Rio Grande rift (RGR) in the western United States to better understand how continental rifts evolve. Using methods for documenting rock cooling ages (thermochronology), we determined that rifting began around 25 million years ago (Ma) in both the northern and southern RGR. Rift faults continued to develop and grow for another 10 to 15 million years. The central RGR, however, shows that rift extension occurred through volcanic activity both as eruptions at the surface and as magma injection below the surface since~15 Ma. Interestingly, RGR faulting in the north and south parts of the rift occurs on a north-south line, while volcanism in the central RGR is along a northeast to southwest line. The differences in the location and orientation of faulting and volcanic activity may be related to the thickness of the lithosphere beneath different parts of the rift. Using these patterns of faulting and magmatism, we propose the RGR evolved through a combination of (1) oblique strain-extension diagonal to the rift and (2) block rotation-where the Colorado Plateau is the rotating block. This detailed study highlights different processes related to the accommodation of extension...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Continental Rifting Processes From Spatiotemporal Patterns of Faulting and Magmatism in the Rio Grande Rift, USA

Abbey

Niemi

2020

Tectonics

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“…Conversely, Chai et al (2015) smoothed receiver function waveforms over large distances to obtain a low-noise receiver function containing information about first order discontinuities. This leads to a good first-order model at the cost of local heterogeneities, and thus resolution.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to obtaining a 3D shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle: An application to eastern Turkey

2015

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A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P TACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 0. Abstract We present a new approach to the joint inversion of surface wave dispersion data and receiver functions by utilizing Common Conversion Point (CCP) stacking to reconcile the different sampling domains of the two datasets. Utilizing CCP stacking allows us to suppress noise in the data by waveform stacking, and correct for backazimuthal variations and complex crustal structure by mapping receiver functions back to their theoretical location. When applied to eastern Turkey, this approach leads to a higher resolution image of the subsurface and clearly delineates different tectonic features in eastern Turkey that were not apparent using other approaches. We observe that the slow seismic velocities near the Karliova Triple Junction correlate to moderate strain rates and high heat flow, which leads to a rheologically weak crust that has allowed for the upward propagation of Miocene and younger volcanics near the triple junction. We find seismically fast, presumably rigid blocks located in the southeastern Anatolian Plate and Arabian Plate are separated by a band of low shear wave velocities that correspond to the East Anatolian Fault Zone, which is consistent with the presence of fluids in the fault zone. We observe that the Arabian Plate has underthrust the Eurasian Plate as far as the northern boundary of the Bitlis Massif, which can explain the high exhumation rates in the Bitlis Massif as a result of slab break-off of the Arabian oceaniclithosphere. We also find a shallow (~33km) anomaly beneath eastern Turkey that we interpret as a localized wedge of mantle that was underthrust by a crustal fragment during the collision of Arabia and Eurasia. These observations are possible because of the high-resolution images obtained by combining common conversion A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT3 point receiver function stacks with ambient noise dispersion data to create a datadriven three-dimensional shear wave velocity model.

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“…Specifically, we estimate and interpret fundamental mode group velocity variation models associated with the Greenland lithosphere. Improved lateral resolution of surface wave dispersion can help to identify velocity variations in the crust and upper mantle of Greenland and provide constraints on crustal thickness, particularly when coupled with complementary observations such as receiver functions (e.g., Chai et al, ; Julia et al, ). Our study region encompasses Greenland, the North Atlantic, and the eastern Canadian Arctic (i.e., 95°W to 25°E; 55.5°N to 85.5°N, Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Rayleigh Wave Group Velocity Variation Beneath Greenland

2018

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We present a high‐resolution group velocity model of Greenland from the analysis of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Regional and teleseismic events recorded by the Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network seismic network were used and we developed a group velocity correction method to estimate the dispersion within our region of study. The global dispersion model GDM52 from Ekström (2011, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365‐246X.2011.05225.x) was used to calculate group delays from the earthquake to the boundaries of our study area. An iterative reweighted generalized least squares approach was then used to invert for the regional group velocity variations between periods of 25 s and 180 s. The group delay correction method helps alleviate the limitations of the sparse Greenland seismic network in a region with poor seismicity. Both the ray coverage and resolution of our model are significantly better than similar studies of Greenland using two‐station methods. Spike tests suggest that features as small as 200 km can be resolved across Greenland. Our dispersion maps are consistent with previous studies and reveal many signatures of known geologic features including known sedimentary basins in Baffin Bay, the West and East Greenland flood basalt provinces, the East and South Greenland Archean blocks. Our model also contains two prominent features: a deep high‐velocity anomaly extending from northwestern to southwestern Greenland that could be the signature of a cratonic root and a low‐velocity anomaly in central eastern Greenland that correlates with the Icelandic plume track and could be associated with lithospheric thinning and upwelling of hot asthenosphere material.

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Inverting interpolated receiver functions with surface wave dispersion and gravity: Application to the western U.S. and adjacent Canada and Mexico

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

Perspectives on Continental Rifting Processes From Spatiotemporal Patterns of Faulting and Magmatism in the Rio Grande Rift, USA

Perspectives on Continental Rifting Processes From Spatiotemporal Patterns of Faulting and Magmatism in the Rio Grande Rift, USA

A new approach to obtaining a 3D shear wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle: An application to eastern Turkey

High‐Resolution Rayleigh Wave Group Velocity Variation Beneath Greenland

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