Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Fill Factor and Negligible Hysteresis by the Dual Effect of NaCl-Doped PEDOT:PSS

Hu, Lijun; Sun, Kuan; Wang, Ming; Chen, Wei; Ye, Bo; Fu, Jiehao; Xiong, Zhuang; Li, Xinyi; Tang, Xiaosheng; Zang, Zhigang; Zhang, Shupeng; Sun, Lidong; Li, Meng

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b14592

Cited by 152 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Once the system with four CP layers is completed (PEDOT/COP/NaCl/COP/PEDOT), salt crystals are eliminated by water etching. It is worth noting that, although NaCl was exploited as dopant agent , it has been never used as template to modify the properties and the structure of the dielectric separating two electroactive layers. In order to provide a rational understanding of the experimental observations, results have been organized in three blocks according to the increasing number of layers in the films: (a) morphological and topographical properties of single‐layered films; (b) electrochemical and capacitive properties of two‐layered films; and (c) electrochemical and capacitive properties of four‐layered systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface porosity in multilayered all‐conducting polymer electrodes

Borràs

Estrany

Alemán

2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Multilayered films made with at least two different electroactive polymers, in which the least conducting one acts as a dielectric and separates the layers made with the other, behave as efficient electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors. In this work, we present a simple strategy to develop improved multilayered electrodes with structured interfaces by enhancing the porosity of the dielectric. This has been achieved by growing sodium chloride crystals onto a conducting polymer layer and, after generation of all required layers using the layer‐by‐layer electrodeposition technique, salt crystals have been eliminated by water etching. Results from morphological and topographical studies on single‐layered poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(N‐methylpyrrole) (PNMPy), and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐co‐N‐methylpyrrole) (COP), as well as electrochemical investigations on bi‐layered films with enhanced porosity at the interface between the two layers, have been used to design new four‐layered electrodes. These consist in two layers of PEDOT separated by two layers of nanosegregated COP with a porous interface in the middle. Although the properties of the new four‐layered electrodes improve due to the porous interface, the highest specific capacitance corresponds to the two‐layered electrode in which two PEDOT layers are separated by an ultra‐porous interface. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1624–1635 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface porosity in multilayered all‐conducting polymer electrodes

Borràs

Estrany

Alemán

2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Take poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as an example, which is one of the most popular hole transfer materials due to its high thermal stability, sufficient optical transparency, good mechanical flexibility, and easy adjustable carriers concentration and mobility . To enhance the carrier transport ability in the PEDOT:PSS hole transfer layer (HTL), most of the previous works are dedicated to improve the carrier concentration and mobility . Such an approach indeed can accelerate hole extraction, but the enhanced conductivity also leads to improved in‐plane charge transport, bringing more charge recombination and low fill factor (FF) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of In‐Plane Charge Transport in Hole Transfer Layer to Achieve High Fill Factor for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Charge extraction at the active layer‐electrode interfaces is critical in obtaining highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is commonly achieved by enhancing the charge carrier mobility of the charge transfer layer (CTL) that possesses a desirable energy level. Nevertheless, the in‐plane movement of charge carriers in the CTL possibly leads to severe charge recombination in the presence of defects at the interfaces. To verify this overlooked possibility, herein, an oxidized monolayer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transfer layer (HTL) is constructed by water rinsing followed by H2O2 oxidation. The oxidized PEDOT:PSS monolayer ensures a high charge transfer ability from perovskite to electrode, but at the same time limits in‐plane charge transport. An inverted planar PSC fabricated on the oxidized PEDOT:PSS monolayer yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.8%, higher than 17.0% of the control device based on a pristine PEDOT:PSS monolayer. The main contribution comes from the fill factor (FF), which is as high as 82%. Characterizations indicate that the conjugation length of PEDOT chains is decreased after H2O2 oxidation, which lowers the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS HTL in the in‐plane direction. This study suggests that the charge recombination at the electrode interfaces due to in‐plane charge transport in the CTLs is not to be neglected.

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Section: Doped Htls In Planar Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doped Charge‐Transporting Layers in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Liao

2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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mesostructured semiconductor (m-TiO 2 , m-SnO 2 , and m-ZnO) or insulating (Al 2 O 3 , and ZrO 2 ) metal oxide as the electrontransporting layer (ETL) and/or scaffold layer is fabricated on the compact layer, following by a coating of the perovskite active layer. A hole-transporting layer (HTL) is then deposited, followed by the evaporation of a metal anode. [7][8][9] However, the deposition of the mesoscopic ETLs generally needs a processing temperature which is higher than 450 °C to improve the optoelectrical properties of the mesoporous layer. [10] The mesostructured semiconductor scaffold can be totally removed when fabricating the planar devices with an n-i-p structure (e.g., fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/TiO 2 /MAPbI 3−x Cl x /Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag). In addition, planar PSCs with an p-i-n construction have also been fabricated by using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole-transporting layer and fullerene derivatives as the electron-transporting layer. [11] Compared to mesoscopic devices, the fabrication of planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs does not need high temperature process, offering possibilities of achieving flexible devices on plastic substrates and demonstrating potential application in lightweight and wearable electronics. Great efforts have been devoted to fabricate high-performance planar PSCs including the perovskite morphology and crystal optimization, [12,13] the optimal selection of HTLs, and the rational design of ETLs. [14,15] Particularly, both HTL and ETL play very important role in enhancing the device performance of the planar PSCs. For example, 6,6-phenylC61butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a commonly used ETM in p-i-n PSCs. After that, more and more electrontransporting materials (ETMs), such as TiO 2 , [16] ZnO, [17] WO 3 , [18] SnO 2 , [19] and ZnSnO 4 [20] with decreased cost, are developed for n-i-p PSCs. For HTMs, 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-dip-methoxyphenylamine) 9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), and poly-triarylamine (PTAA) are utilized in n-i-p PSCs. [21] What is more, PEDOT:PSS, NiO, CuI, CuSCN, CuO x , MoO x , graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been widely employed as HTMs in p-i-n PSCs. [22][23][24][25][26][27] With significant efforts on proposing device architectures, optimizing perovskite compositions, developing new deposition techniques for high-quality perovskite films, and designning various HTLs and ETLs, the PCE of the planar PSCs has been reached over 23%. Nevertheless, PSCs are still in the early stages for commercialization owing to their existing issues such as unsatisfied efficiency, unstable device performance, Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are brought to the forefront of research focus in photovoltaics field with a rapid efficiency rising over 22% in the past few years. Interface engineering with suitable hole-transporting layer (HTL) and/or electron-transporting layer (ETL) plays very important roles in controlling the charge carrier behavior in...

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Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a High Fill Factor and Negligible Hysteresis by the Dual Effect of NaCl-Doped PEDOT:PSS

Cited by 152 publications

References 49 publications

Interface porosity in multilayered all‐conducting polymer electrodes

Interface porosity in multilayered all‐conducting polymer electrodes

Inhibition of In‐Plane Charge Transport in Hole Transfer Layer to Achieve High Fill Factor for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Doped Charge‐Transporting Layers in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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