Inverted Nipple Correction Techniques: An Algorithm Based on Scientific Evidence, Patients’ Expectations and Potential Complications

Olivas-Menayo, Jesus; Berniz, Carlos

doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01909-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The most successful way to correct nipple depression is not to damage the milk duct and to preserve lactation function, with good cosmetic appearance of the nipple without retraction. Non-surgical treatment methods, such as rubber bands or external suction device fixation retain the milk ducts ( 17 , 18 ). Surgical methods mainly include a true flap, traction, and minimally invasive and endoscopic release of fibrous tissue ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis – A single-center experience

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundPlasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a complex breast disease in the clinic. Currently, there are no unified diagnostic criteria for the disease and no standard treatment methods. The effects of hormone, Conventional Chinese medicine and other treatments are uncertain, with long treatment duration and notable side effects. Surgery is the preferred treatment, but the recurrence rate after conventional surgery is very high, which may be related to depression of the nipple. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel corrective procedure in patients with cellular mastitis and depressed nipples.MethodsPatients with PCM who received surgical treatment in the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 1996 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of nipple depression before surgery, the patients were divided into the nipple depression group and the non-nipple depression group. In the nipple depression group, patients were subdivided into a novel corrective surgery group (“one” suture or half pocket suture) and a conventional corrective surgery group (oil yarn traction valgus correction of nipple depression). Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and postoperative relapse data were collected and analyzed.ResultsCompared with the patients in the non-nipple depression group, patients in the nipple depression group had a significantly higher recurrence risk after surgery (HR = 2.129 95% CI: 1.110–4.083, p = 0.023). Patients who underwent novel corrective surgery had a significantly lower recurrence risk than those who underwent conventional corrective surgery (HR = 0.363 95% CI: 0.150–0.880, p = 0.025). In addition, the novel corrective surgery significantly reduced the postoperative recurrence risk (HR = 0.088 95% CI: 0.009–0.886, p = 0.037).ConclusionHow to correct nipple depression is a critical factor for postoperative recurrence of PCM, and this novel corrective surgery for nipple depression can effectively reduce the postoperative recurrence rate in patients with nipple depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis – A single-center experience

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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“…Other non-surgical treatments include using a rubber band around the base of the nipple, Pitanguy's technique, suction method, etc. [15][16][17][18] Complications of the nipple retractor to correct inverted nipples are usually minor and not frequent. Nipple ulceration and necrosis are rare with the causes unknown (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But this method takes time to gradually achieve the target nipple height. Other non‐surgical treatments include using a rubber band around the base of the nipple, Pitanguy's technique, suction method, etc 15–18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipple ulcers of the nipple retractor technique to correct inverted nipples: A retrospective multivariate analysis

Cao

Wang

Ting

2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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An inverted nipple is a congenital unilaterally or bilaterally breast deformity commonly seen in women in which the nipple is partially or entirely buried under the areola surface. 1 Incidence is reported at around 1.7%-3% in the literature. 2,3 Inverted nipples may be caused by fibrous bands retracting the nipple to the base, resulting in a short and retracted lactiferous duct. 1,2 Inverted nipples cause aesthetic and functional problems, including infection and inflammation, and may cause problems with breastfeeding difficulties and psychological distress to the patients. 1 Various surgical methods have been proposed to correct inverted nipples, including resection of the ducts and the surrounding fibrous tissue, which may coincide with loss of breastfeeding function and nipple sensitivity. 4 Based on the theory of Ilizarov, a simple procedure using a nipple retractor to correct severely inverted nipples has been applied in clinical practice with stable results and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. 4,5 Complications are minor and not frequent,

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Enhancing Breast Reconstruction with Bio-Scaffolds- A Supportive Approach for Optimal Outcomes

Sable,

Ikar,

Pendse

2024

Natural Product Inspired Scaffolds

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Inverted Nipple Correction Techniques: An Algorithm Based on Scientific Evidence, Patients’ Expectations and Potential Complications

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis – A single-center experience

Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis – A single-center experience

Nipple ulcers of the nipple retractor technique to correct inverted nipples: A retrospective multivariate analysis

Enhancing Breast Reconstruction with Bio-Scaffolds- A Supportive Approach for Optimal Outcomes

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