Inverted MAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells with Graphdiyne Derivative‐Incorporated Electron Transport Layers Exceeding 20% Efficiency

Abstract

Chlorine‐substituted graphdiyne (ClGD) is employed into electron transport layers (ETLs) of MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells for the first time, forming a high‐quality film with superior film morphology and electrical conductivity as compared with pristine [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film. Strikingly, a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.34% is achieved, showing a 19% enhancement compared with the counterparts (17.08%). Simultaneously, ClGD‐PCBM‐based devices show suppressed J–V hysteresis. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the interactions of derivated graphdiyne and PCBM stem from four types of noncovalent bonds, which contribute to the improved device performance. The results suggest that derivated graphdiyne‐based interfacial material is promising for the applications in solar cells and other photoelectric devices.

Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: The Emergence of a Highly Stable and Efficient Architecture

“…The devices based on PCBM:BIZ also exhibited superior stability (Figure 28). Li et al [112] employed chlorine-substituted graphdiyne (ClGD) into PCBM ETL in inverted PSCs for the first time, forming a [108] Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…The devices based on PCBM:BIZ also exhibited superior stability ( Figure 28 ). Li et al [ 112 ] employed chlorine‐substituted graphdiyne (ClGD) into PCBM ETL in inverted PSCs for the first time, forming a high‐quality film with superior film morphology and electrical conductivity. Their ClGD‐PCBM‐based devices achieved a PCE of 20.34%, which was a higher value than that obtained with the counterparts with pure PCBM (17.08%) ( Figure 29 ).…”

“…Figure 29. a) Preparation route and photograph of ClGD-PCBM solution; b) schematic diagram of device fabrication; c)J-V curves obtained from forward bias to short circuit and from short circuit to forward bias. Reproduced with permission [112]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.…”

Controlled Growth and Self‐Assembly of Multiscale Organic Semiconductor

“…[196] To obtain ideal transport layer materials and prepare high-performance perovskite solar cells, researchers have optimized the transport layer from the aspects of structure decoration, morphology control, energy level engineering strategy, etc. [197][198][199] The ideal electron transport layer/hole transport layer should satisfy the following requirements. First, the energy level should match that of the perovskite material.…”

Two-Dimensional Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

“…Graphdiyne (GD) acts as a 2D material with a delocalized π-system, showing high mobility and conductivity as well as a tunable natural band gap. Thus employing a PCBM:GD composite as the ETL can fabricate efficient and stable inverted PSCs. − The GD-doped PCBM ETL exhibited higher charge mobility, accelerated charge extraction, and improved electrical conductivity. The subsequently assembled inverted PSCs showed higher efficiency (Figure f) .…”