Inversion tectonics in central Alborz, Iran

Zanchi, Andréa; Berra, Fabrizio; Mattei, Massimo; Glodny, Johannes; Sabouri, Jafar

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.06.020

Cited by 193 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, we suggest that part of the uplift that we observe in the Damavand region might also be related to the overall tectonic uplift in this region. Regarding the interseismic deformation around the Mosha fault, our study supports the left lateral (sinisteral) movements along the fault, which agrees well with previous geological studies [59][60][61][62][63][64]. It is worth mentioning that the true sense of motion on the Mosha fault can only be observed after performing atmospheric and topographic correction, without which InSAR time-series results would not be interpretable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

StaMPS Improvement for Deformation Analysis in Mountainous Regions: Implications for the Damavand Volcano and Mosha Fault in Alborz

2015

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Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) capability to detect slow deformation over terrain areas is limited by temporal decorrelation, geometric decorrelation and atmospheric artefacts. Multitemporal InSAR methods such as Persistent Scatterer (PS-InSAR) and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) have been developed to deal with various aspects of decorrelation and atmospheric problems affecting InSAR observations. Nevertheless, the applicability of both PS-InSAR and SBAS in mountainous regions is still challenging. Correct phase unwrapping in both methods is hampered due to geometric decorrelation in particular when using C-band SAR data for deformation analysis. In this paper, we build upon the SBAS method implemented in StaMPS software and improved the technique, here called ISBAS, to assess tectonic and volcanic deformation in the center of the Alborz Mountains in Iran using both Envisat and ALOS SAR data. We modify several aspects within the chain of the processing including: filtering prior to phase unwrapping, topographic correction within three-dimensional phase unwrapping, reducing the atmospheric noise with the help of additional GPS data, and removing the ramp caused by ionosphere turbulence and/or orbit errors to better estimate crustal deformation in this tectonically active region. Topographic correction is done within the three-dimensional unwrapping in order to improve the phase unwrapping process, which is in contrast to OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2015, 7 8324 previous methods in which DEM error is estimated before/after phase unwrapping. Our experiments show that our improved SBAS approach is able to better characterize the tectonic and volcanic deformation in the center of the Alborz region than the classical SBAS.In particular, Damavand volcano shows an average uplift rate of about 3 mm/year in the year 2003-2010. The Mosha fault illustrates left-lateral motion that could be explained with a fault that is locked up to 17-18 km depths and slips with 2-4 mm/year below that depth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

StaMPS Improvement for Deformation Analysis in Mountainous Regions: Implications for the Damavand Volcano and Mosha Fault in Alborz

2015

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“…The relationship between the mean vitrinite reflectance and Tmax values of the Shemshak Group and the thickness of the Shemshak Group and overlying sediments in the studied and modelled sections is shown on During the Late Neogene, exhumation of Alborz accompanied with inversion tectonics, the most deeply buried parts of the Shemshak Group were highly uplifted and exposed, whereas marginal parts of the Central-Eastern Alborz were less uplifted (Alavi, 1996;Allen et al, 2003;Zanchi et al, 2006;Guest et al, 2006Guest et al, , 2007. Maximum of subsidence and uplift in the Central-Eastern Alborz occurred along the axis of the Alborz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The resulting EoCimmerian orogeny formed an E-W mountain belt, the so-called Cimmerides (Sengör, 1990;Sengör et al, 1998). The Alborz Range of Northern Iran itself results from the collision of Arabia with Eurasia during the Neogene which caused uplift, folding and faulting (Stöcklin, 1974;Alavi, 1996;Zanchi et al, 2006;Guest et al, 2006Guest et al, , 2007. The thick siliciclasticdominated Shemshak Group (Upper Triassic to Middle Bajocian), with thicknesses up to 4000 m, is widely distributed in the Alborz (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran) based on organic petrography, geochemistry and basin modelling: implications for source rock evaluation and petroleum exploration

Shekarifard

Baudin²,

Seyed–Emami

et al. 2011

Geol. Mag.

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Organic petrography and geochemical analyses have been carried out on shales, carbonaceous shales and coals of the Shemshak Group (Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic) from 15 localities along the Alborz Range of Northern Iran. Thermal maturity of organic matter (OM) has been investigated using vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analysis of kerogen. Reflectance of autochthonous vitrinite varies from 0.6 to 2.2% indicating thermally early-mature to over-mature OM in the Shemshak Group, in agreement with other maturity parameters used. The shales of the Shemshak Group are characterized by poor to high residual organic carbon contents (0.13 to 5.84%) and the presence of hydrogen-depleted OM, predominantly as a consequence of oxidation of OM at the time of deposition and the hydrogen loss during petroleum generation. According to light-reflected microscopy results, vitrinite/vitrinite-like macerals are dominant in the kerogen concentrates from the shaly facies. The coals and carbonaceous shales of the Shemshak Group show a wide range in organic carbon concentration (3.5 to 88.6%) and composition (inertinite- and vitrinite-rich types), and thereby different petroleum potentials. Thermal modelling results suggest that low to moderate palaeo-heat flow, ranging from 47 to 79 mW m−2 (57 mW m−2 on average), affected the Central-Eastern Alborz basin during Tertiary time, the time of maximum burial of the Shemshak Group. The maximum temperature that induced OM maturation of the Shemshak Group seems to be related to its deep burial rather than to a very strong heat flow related to an uppermost Triassic–Liassic rifting. The interval of petroleum generation in the most deeply buried part of the Shemshak Group (i.e. Tazareh section) corresponds to Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times. Exhumation of the Alborz Range during Late Neogene time, especially along the axis of the Central-Eastern Alborz, where maximum vitrinite reflectance values are recorded, probably destroyed possible petroleum accumulations. However, on the northern flank of the Central-Eastern Alborz, preservation of petroleum accumulations may be expected. The northern part of the basin therefore seems the best target for petroleum exploration.

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“…The Araks Fault is a sinistral strike-slip fault (Alavi 1991b;Barka and Reilinger 1997;Allen et al 2005;Galoyan et al 2009;Sosson et al 2010;Adamia et al 2011). This fault, of NE-SW trend and with its sinistral movements, displaced NW Iran lithologies (Didon and Gemain 1976 The Allahyarlu-Kaleybar-Northern Iran Suture Zone, determined by Late Carboniferous to Triassic metamorphic and ophiolitic exposures, was the western continuation of a branch of the Paleotethys Basin in Iran (Alavi 1991b;Ruttner 1993;Alavi 1996;Ghazi et al 2001;Seyed-Emami 2003;Zanchi et al 2006;Ghavidel-Syooki 2008;Zanchetta et al 2009;Omrani and Moazzen 2010;Sheikholeslami and Kouhpeyma 2012;Shafaii Moghadam et al in press). It is likely that the Allahyarlu ophiolite complex was displaced to higher latitudes by the dextral Talysh Fault (Eftekharnejad 1975;Didon and Gemain 1976;Kazmin and Tikhonova 2006;Zakariadze et al 2007; Sudi Ajirlu and Jahangiri 2010a).…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Allahyarlu ophiolite in the tectonic evolution of NW Iran and adjacent areas (Late Carboniferous — Recent)

Ajirlu¹,

Moazzen²

2014

Central European Geology

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Inversion tectonics in central Alborz, Iran

Cited by 193 publications

References 33 publications

StaMPS Improvement for Deformation Analysis in Mountainous Regions: Implications for the Damavand Volcano and Mosha Fault in Alborz

StaMPS Improvement for Deformation Analysis in Mountainous Regions: Implications for the Damavand Volcano and Mosha Fault in Alborz

Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran) based on organic petrography, geochemistry and basin modelling: implications for source rock evaluation and petroleum exploration

Role of the Allahyarlu ophiolite in the tectonic evolution of NW Iran and adjacent areas (Late Carboniferous — Recent)

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