Inverse square-root dependence of mid-ocean-ridge flank roughness on spreading rate

Malinverno, A.

doi:10.1038/352058a0

Cited by 94 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Overlying the smooth -rough morphological trend, some topographical features tend to mask it (e.g., the topographic swell of the Madeira-Tore Rise, Figure 6, and the valley of the FZs) or to emphasize it (e.g., the smooth basement topography of the Saharian Seamounts, Figure 4). The roughness of top basement is known to decrease with spreading rate [Menard, 1967;MacdonaM, 1982;Malinverno, 1991]. In the following sections we suggest that the structure of the igneous crust imaged in our MCS data also exhibits apparent variations that can be correlated to changes in spreading rate (e.g., the dissapearance of reflections from the crust-mantle boundary to the west along the three profiles, Figures 4, 5, and 6).…”

Section: Gravity Datamentioning

confidence: 66%

“…However, this relation is more subdued in the eastern half of the map (smooth basement). The roughness of the basement topography decreases with increasing spreading rate [Menard, 1967;Malinverno, 1991], and the change observed in the Canary Basin is probably related with the general decrease in spreading rate from Jurassic to Cretaceous times [ Sundvik et al, 1984].…”

Section: Gravity Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The inverse relation between spreading rate and top of igneous crust roughness is a well-known dependence [e.g., Menard, 1967;Malinverno, 1991]. However, the variation of the internal crustal structure with spreading rate, not detected with refraction experiments, has only been noticed between end-members; that is, crust formed at fast spreading rates (> 40 mm/yr half-spreading rate) in the Pacific and crust formed at slow spreading rates in the Atlantic [Mutter and Karson, 1992].…”

Section: Implications For Crustal Accretion Processes At Slow Spreadimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

Ranero¹,

Banda²,

Buhl³

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Multichannel seismic reflection and gravity data define the structure of Mesozoic ocean crust of the Canary Basin, formed at slow spreading rates. Single and multichannel seismics show a transition from smooth to rough basement topography from Jurassic to Cretaceous crust and a coeval change in crustal structure. Internal reflectivity of the rough basement area comprises upper, upper middle or whole crust cutting discrete dipping reflections. Lower-crustal reflectivity is almost absent and reflections from the crust-mantle transition are short and discontinuous or absent for several kilometers. In contrast, crust in the smooth basement area is characterized by sparse lower crustal events and common reflections from the crust-mantle boundary. The crustal structure of fracture zones in the rough basement area is associated with depressions in the basement top and in most cases with thin crust. In the smooth basement area, fracture zones exhibit neither a clear topographic expression nor crustal thinning. We interpret these characteristics as indicative of an increase in extensional tectonic activity and decrease in magmatic activity at the spreading ridge associated with a general decrease of spreading rate from Jurassic to Cretaceous times. In addition, the crust imaged across the path of the Cape Verde Hot Spot in the Canary Basin exhibits a widespread lower crustal reflectivity, very smooth topography and apparently thick crust. Our data document significant changes in the structure of crust formed at slow spreading rates which we attribute to thermal changes in the lithosphere due either to variations in spreading rate or to the presence of a hot spot beneath the Mesozoic Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Section: Gravity Datamentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Gravity Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Implications For Crustal Accretion Processes At Slow Spreadimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

Ranero¹,

Banda²,

Buhl³

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Topographic spectra are invariably "red," that is, fall off at high wave numbers, with b ranging from 1 to 3 [Sayles and Thomas, 1978 A related local scaling property of surfaces described by a function z(x) is that they ate statistically self-affine [Mandelbrot, 1982;Goff, 1990;Maliverno, 1991 The points shown are those remaining after filtering to remove spurious noise hits.…”

Section: Processing Lunar Topography Stochastic Description Of Topogrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar

Smith¹,

Zuber²,

Neumann³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

263

180

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“…Geophysics has a history of quantitative analysis of seafloor morphology [e.g. Murray & Hjort, 1912;Renkin & Sclater, 1988;Malinverno, 1991;Smith & Sandwell, 1997;Behn et al, 2004], as does geomorphology for sub-aerial DEMs [e.g. Lave & Avouac, 2001;Montgomery et al, 2001].…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial Submarine geomorphology: new views on an ‘unseen’ landscape

2008

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Geomorphology, one of the oldest disciplines in the geosciences, is undergoing a rebirth in the submarine environment. 2D (i.e. gridded) high-resolution bathymetry data offers exciting views of ever more of this hidden landscape, allowing a much improved understanding of both the solid Earth and Earth surface processes that shape the seabed. Such geomorphology is particularly powerful when convolved with geophysical techniques that image the sub-seafloor to form 3D studies.This journal issue promotes a vision where submarine geomorphology i) unites processes typically studied in sub-aerial geomorphology (e.g. landsliding & channel erosion) and marine geophysics (e.g. volcanism, tectonics & geodynamics) ii) strives to progress beyond purely qualitative methods and to employ quantitative approaches in analyses and iii) integrates bathymetry with other surface or subsurface data to enhance the analysis. The aim in bringing together work on the various causes and consequences of the underwater landscape is to endorse interaction and knowledge transfer between disciplines and study areas.This editorial highlights the links between submarine geomorphology, geophysics, Earth surface processes and bathymetry. Questions from the issue reviewed here include: How does the Earth melt? How does seafloor morphology affect the size of subduction earthquakes? What is the interconnection between submarine mass-wasting and tectonic environment? Submarine Geomorphology & Geophysics, a Historical PerspectivePractically, it is not possible for humans to directly observe the vast majority of the seafloor. This is in direct contrast to the sub-aerial landscape. Contrast, for example, a pilot looking down from an aircraft and a sailor looking over the side of his craft. Even in the best conditions seawater is opaque to visible light beyond a few hundred metres penetration. Because it cannot be viewed, or indeed easily walked around upon, the seafloor can be thought of as an 'unseen' landscape that is in some ways less accessible to us than the surface of Mars. Electronic geophysical equipment is necessary to measure the deep ocean at any level beyond the most cursory and crude. Developments in submarine geomorphology have therefore been intrinsically linked to developments in geophysics. This is simply not true for sub-aerial geomorphology where less sophisticated equipment (e.g. a plane table) can produce accurate data, and this contrast probably explains the differential and disparate development of geomorphology on land and underwater.Long before geophysics, however, water depth was critical information for the purposes of navigation, so 'soundings' have been taken, firstly using a long pole. From the 1870s hemp rope with a lead weight attached was used by HMS Challenger and USS Tuscarora, continued with the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross from 1888 until the early 20 th century when a wire cable method began to be used. Soundings taken by these methods were neither quick nor cheap to obtain, so only a few th...

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Inverse square-root dependence of mid-ocean-ridge flank roughness on spreading rate

Cited by 94 publications

References 22 publications

The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar

Editorial Submarine geomorphology: new views on an ‘unseen’ landscape

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Inverse square-root dependence of mid-ocean-ridge flank roughness on spreading rate

Cited by 94 publications

References 22 publications

The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

The crustal structure of the Canary Basin: Accretion processes at slow spreading centers

Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar

Editorial Submarine geomorphology: new views on an ‘unseen’ landscape

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Editorial Submarine geomorphology: new views on an ‘unseen’ landscape