“…Supersymmetric quantum mechanics (Susy-QM) is presently a very robust formulation embracing a very wide set of applications [5,13,14], including optics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], where supersymmetry may be interpreted as describing two light beams of different colors that form a standing periodic interference pattern along the waveguide axis [15]. In the Helmholtz regime, the supersymmetric partners can be constructed to display parabolic [16] or sech-like index profile [17][18][19][20]. They also show identical coefficients of transmission and reflection for any angle of incidence [5,18,19,21,22], which may render them perfectly indistinguishable to an external observer [23].…”
The construction of exactly solvable refractive indices allowing guided TE modes in optical waveguides is investigated within the formalism of Darboux–Crum transformations. We apply the finite-difference algorithm for higher-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics to obtain complex-valued refractive indices admitting all-real eigenvalues in their point spectrum. The new refractive indices are such that their imaginary part gives zero if it is integrated over the entire domain of definition. This property, called condition of zero total area, ensures the conservation of optical power so the refractive index shows balanced gain and loss. Consequently, the complex-valued refractive indices reported in this work include but are not limited to the parity-time invariant case.
“…Supersymmetric quantum mechanics (Susy-QM) is presently a very robust formulation embracing a very wide set of applications [5,13,14], including optics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], where supersymmetry may be interpreted as describing two light beams of different colors that form a standing periodic interference pattern along the waveguide axis [15]. In the Helmholtz regime, the supersymmetric partners can be constructed to display parabolic [16] or sech-like index profile [17][18][19][20]. They also show identical coefficients of transmission and reflection for any angle of incidence [5,18,19,21,22], which may render them perfectly indistinguishable to an external observer [23].…”
The construction of exactly solvable refractive indices allowing guided TE modes in optical waveguides is investigated within the formalism of Darboux–Crum transformations. We apply the finite-difference algorithm for higher-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics to obtain complex-valued refractive indices admitting all-real eigenvalues in their point spectrum. The new refractive indices are such that their imaginary part gives zero if it is integrated over the entire domain of definition. This property, called condition of zero total area, ensures the conservation of optical power so the refractive index shows balanced gain and loss. Consequently, the complex-valued refractive indices reported in this work include but are not limited to the parity-time invariant case.
We present a new method for building sequences of solvable profiles of the electromagnetic (EM) admittance in lossless isotropic materials with 1D graded permittivity and permeability (in particular profiles of the optical refractive-index). These solvable profiles lead to analytical closed-form expressions of the EM fields, for both TE and TM modes. The Property-and-Field Darboux Transformations method, initially developed for heat diffusion modelling, is here transposed to the Maxwell equations in the optical-depth space. Several examples are provided, all stemming from a constant seed-potential, which makes them based on elementary functions only. Solvable profiles of increasingly complex shape can be obtained by iterating the process or by assembling highly flexible canonical profiles. Their implementation for modelling optical devices like matching layers, rugate filters, Bragg gratings, chirped mirrors or 1D photonic crystals, offers an exact and cost-effective alternative to the classical approaches.
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