Inverse relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and migraine. Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Surveys 1995–1997 and 2006–2008

Abstract

Aims The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to investigate the associations between migraine and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We used data from the second (1995-1997) and third survey (2006-2008) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Analyses were made for the 26,121 participants (30-97 years of age, median 58.3 years) with known headache and DM status in both surveys, and for the 39,584 participants in the third survey (20-97 years, median 54.1 years). The diagnosis of migraine was given to those who fulfilled the questionnaire-based migraine diagnosis in the second and/or third survey. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression, estimating prevalence odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In the multivariate analysis of the 26,121 participants in both surveys, adjusting for age, gender, years of education, and smoking, classical type 1 DM (n = 81) was associated with a lower prevalence of any headache (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.88),and migraine (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.96) compared to those without DM (n = 24,779). Correspondingly, the merged group of classical type 1 DM and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) (n = 153) were less likely to have migraine (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.91). Similarly, an inverse relationship between type 1 DM and migraine was found in analyses of 39,584 participants in the third survey. No clear association was found between headache and type 2 DM. Conclusions In this cross-sectional population-based study of mainly middle-aged participants, type 1 DM was inversely associated with headache, in particular migraine.

Migraine and Headache Prevalence and Associated Comorbidities in a Large Saudi Sample

“…There was no association between diabetes and headache or migraine, and the existing literature has not demonstrated consistent associations either [3, 21]. We found hypertension to be significantly associated with MH, consistent with multiple studies [3, 22, 23] including one based on self-report [24].…”

Plasma Glucose Levels Increase During Spontaneous Attacks of Migraine With and Without Aura

“…7 Interestingly, recent large population-based studies have consistently reported an inverse relationship between migraine and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [21][22][23][24] These studies suggest that diabetes or treatment of diabetes may have a protective effect on migraine development. It has been speculated that reduced pain sensitivity due to diabetic neuropathy, 25 and thereby altered pain thresholds of the trigeminal nociceptive system, or reduced cerebrovascular reactivity, 26 by prevention of vasodilation-induced migraine, 27 may lower the risk of migraine attack initiation in diabetics.…”

“…Interestingly, recent large population‐based studies have consistently reported an inverse relationship between migraine and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes . These studies suggest that diabetes or treatment of diabetes may have a protective effect on migraine development.…”

Headache and type 2 diabetes association: a US national ambulatory case-control study

“…Yet, a different study on the prevalence of migraine in patients with type 2 diabetes failed to find a positive association 20 . Finally, although a recent cross--sectional population-based study also failed to identify an inverse relationship between type 2 diabetes and headache, an association between type 1 diabetes and both headache (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.34--0.88) and migraine (OR = 0.47, 95 % CI 0.26--0.96) was found 21 .…”

“…13 Dissociative fugue 300.14 Dissociative identity disorder 300. 21 Agoraphobia with panic disorder 300.09…”