Inverse relation between amylin and glucagon secretion in healthy and diabetic human subjects

Ludvik, Bernhard; Thomaseth, Karl; Nolan, John J.; Clodi, Martin; Prager, Rudolf; Pacini, Giovanni

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01142.x

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…[2][3][4] This hormone plays a central role in the regulation of glucose's homeostasis. [5][6][7] Human amylin (hIAPP) forms amyloid fibrils in vitro; on the other hand, rat amylin (rIAPP), which differs from the human variant by only six amino acid residues, does not form fibrils and is not toxic. [8] The dysfunction and death of Langherans b-cells has been attributed to the conversion from soluble monomers of hIAPP to insoluble b-sheet fibrils, which lead to extracellular buildup.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembling Pathway of HiApp Fibrils within Lipid Bilayers

et al. 2010

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The performance of bottom‐contact thin‐film transistor (TFT) structures lags behind that of top‐contact structures owing to the far greater contact resistance. The major sources of the contact resistance in bottom‐contact TFTs are believed to reflect a combination of non‐optimal semiconductor growth morphology on the metallic contact surface and the limited available charge injection area versus top‐contact geometries. As a part of an effort to understand the sources of high charge injection barriers in n‐channel TFTs, the influence of thiol metal contact treatment on the molecular‐level structures of such interfaces is investigated using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)‐treated SiO2 gate dielectrics. The focus is on the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) contact surface treatment methods for bottom‐contact TFTs based on two archetypical n‐type semiconductors, α,ω‐diperfluorohexylquarterthiophene (DFH‐4T) and N,N′bis(n‐octyl)‐dicyanoperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDI‐8CN2). TFT performance can be greatly enhanced, to the level of the top contact device performance in terms of mobility, on/off ratio, and contact resistance. To analyze the molecular‐level film structural changes arising from the contact surface treatment, surface morphologies are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The high‐resolution STM images show that the growth orientation of the semiconductor molecules at the gold/SAM/semiconductor interface preserves the molecular long axis orientation along the substrate normal. As a result, the film microstructure is well‐organized for charge transport in the interfacial region.

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confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembling Pathway of HiApp Fibrils within Lipid Bilayers

et al. 2010

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“…An even more pronounced reduction in postprandial glucagon was present in intensively treated type 1 diabetic subjects on insulin pumps (54). This glucagonostatic property of pramlintide has indirectly been corroborated by the finding of enhanced glucagon secretion in diabetic individuals following administration of a selective amylin antagonist (47) and by demonstrating an inverse correlation between amylin and glucagon secretion (58).…”

Section: Pramlintide Studies In Diabetic Individualsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Amylin Agonists: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Diabetes

2004

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Amylin is a peptide hormone that is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic ␤-cell and is thus deficient in diabetic people. It inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and acts as a satiety agent. Amylin replacement could therefore possibly improve glycemic control in some people with diabetes. However, human amylin exhibits physicochemical properties predisposing the peptide hormone to aggregate and form amyloid fibers, which may play a part in ␤-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes. This obviously makes it unsuitable for pharmacological use. A stable analog, pramlintide, which has actions and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties similar to the native peptide, has been developed. The efficacy and safety of pramlintide administration has been tested in a vast number of clinical trials. Aproximately 5,000 insulin-treated patients have received pramlintide and ϳ250 for >2 years. The aims of this review are to 1) briefly describe actions of amylin as demonstrated in animal and human models and 2) primarily review results from clinical trials with the amylin analog pramlintide. Diabetes 53 (Suppl. 3):

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“…Ludvik, et al16 reported a significant correlation between changes in amylin secretion and the suppression of glucagon secretion following oral glucose ingestion in healthy and diabetic human subjects. In this study, amylin levels were positively correlated with glucagon at 60 min after glucose loading in children with PWS only (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Response of Amylin Levels after an Oral Glucose Challenge in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

et al. 2011

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PurposeAmylin secretion is increased parallel to insulin in obese subjects. Despite their marked obesity, a state of relative hypoinsulinemia occurs in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Based on the hypothesis that amylin levels may be relatively low in PWS children, contributing to their excessive appetite, we studied amylin levels after oral glucose loading in children with PWS and overweight controls.Materials and MethodsPlasma levels of amylin, glucagon, insulin, and glucose were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after a glucose challenge in children with PWS (n = 18) and overweight controls (n = 25); the relationships among the variables were investigated in these two groups.ResultsAmylin levels were significantly correlated with insulin during fasting and during the oral glucose tolerance test in both groups. Amylin levels between 0 and 60 min after glucose loading were statistically different between the two groups. They were lower in children with PWS than in the controls between 0 and 30 min after glucose loading.ConclusionThe relatively low levels of amylin, compared to those in overweight controls, during the early phase of glucose loading in patients with PWS, may contribute, in part, to the excessive appetite of PWS patients as compared to the overweight controls.

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Inverse relation between amylin and glucagon secretion in healthy and diabetic human subjects

Abstract: The inverse correlation between amylin and glucagon secretion suggests that amylin modulates glucagon secretion following oral glucose administration. This study proves for the first time a role of endogenous amylin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Self‐Assembling Pathway of HiApp Fibrils within Lipid Bilayers

Self‐Assembling Pathway of HiApp Fibrils within Lipid Bilayers

Amylin Agonists: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Diabetes

Delayed Response of Amylin Levels after an Oral Glucose Challenge in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

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