Inverse micro-emulsion polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of a mixture of oleophilic/hydrophilic surfactants

Lezovic, Martin; Oginö, Kazuhíde; Sato, Hisaya; Capek, Ignác; Bartoň, Jaroslav

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199808)46:4<269::aid-pi989>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, they could only obtain stable latices in the presence of an electrolyte (sodium acetate), and they were not able to obtain AM concentrations higher than 22% (w/w). The homopolymerization of AM in an inverse microemulsion stabilized by anionic surfactants has been more studied 18–20. In the AM–toluene–water system stabilized by bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT),18, 19 the obtained molecular weights were comparable to those reported in this article, but the AM concentration in the AM microemulsion was smaller than 7% (w/w).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In the AM–toluene–water system stabilized by bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT),18, 19 the obtained molecular weights were comparable to those reported in this article, but the AM concentration in the AM microemulsion was smaller than 7% (w/w). Lezovic et al20 made inverse microemulsions in toluene with higher AM concentrations (up to 22% w/w) with a mixture of AOT and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant; nevertheless, the obtained molar masses did not go beyond the 2 × 10 6 g/mol value. Finally, Yan et al21 polymerized AM in an inverse kerosene–water microemulsion stabilized by a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyltetraammonium bromide, and fatty alcohols as cosurfactants; they reported molar masses lower than 1.3 × 10 6 g/mol with a 10% concentration of AM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245

Renteria

Muñoz

Ochoa

et al. 2005

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The inverse microemulsion polymerization of acrylamide in a paraffinic solvent, Rolling-M-245, stabilized by a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Emulan-ELP-11 and Brij-92), was studied. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of this system were determined, and a range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, from 8.98 to 9.2, were selected as the most favorable for acrylamide polymerization. The influence of factors such as the initiator composition, HLB, percentage of the aqueous phase, and addition of the monomer by steps on the final conversion and polyacrylamide molar masses were investigated. High conversions and molar masses were generally obtained with the different formulations. The polyacrylamide molar masses were influenced by the HLB and content in the aqueous phase. The addition of the aqueous phase by steps led to a progressive diminution of the molar masses as the number of stages increased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245

Renteria

Muñoz

Ochoa

et al. 2005

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…The maximal rate of inverse microemulsion copolymerization of BA and AAm increases with SDS concentration (Table 1): This behaviour favours the micellar model22 but strongly deviates from our previous results obtained for the microemulsion polymerization of AAm29 where the rate of inverse microemulsion polymerization of AAm decreased with increasing [SDS]:29 A more pronounced decrease in the rate of microemulsion polymerization of AAm with increasing concentration of AOT (the reaction order was observed to be − 0.72) was reported by Carver et al 30 The present data show that the addition of SDS increases the reaction order from − 0.72 to − 0.14.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Inverse microemulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and acrylamide: kinetics, colloidal parameters and some model applications

Yıldız

Capek

Berek

et al. 2006

Polymer International

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The inverse microemulsion copolymerization of acrylamide and butyl acrylate initiated by ammonium peroxodisulphate, a water-soluble initiator, and stabilized by anionic emulsifiers sodium bis-2ethylhexylsulfosuccinate and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) has been studied. An increase of SDS concentration was observed to increase both the rate of polymerization and the particle size. The average number of radicals per particle (n) is much below 0.5, which indicates desorption of monomeric radicals from polymer particles. The exit (desorption) rate constants k des (cm 2 s −1 ) and k des (s −1 ) were evaluated as a function of SDS concentration (or the particle size) according to the Ugelstad/O'Toole (I), Nomura (II) and Gilbert (III) models. The value of k des (s −1 ) decreases with increasing particle size (or SDS concentration) for all three (I, II and III) models. A complex trend appears for k des (cm 2 s −1 ): the Ugelstad/O'Toole model estimates a decrease, the Nomura model finds no variation and the Gilbert model estimates even a slight increase in k des with increasing SDS concentration.

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“…ref 15). It was also shown 16 that the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the aqueous phase of the inverse microemulsion toluene/AOT/water/ AAm/SDS increases the value of the volume fraction of aqueous phase, Φ aw , necessary for the formation of the two-phase microemulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylamide and Butyl Acrylate Polymerization in Winsor IV (w/o) and Winsor I (o/w) Microemulsions

Bartoň

Capek

2000

Macromolecules

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The preparation of toluene-based single-phase Winsor IV water-in-oil (w/o) inverse microemulsions containing the (co)monomer couple acrylamide (AAm)/butyl acrylate (BA), their transformation to the two-phase Winsor I (oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion phase + excess of oil phase) microemulsion and homo-and (co)polymerization of (co)monomers initiated by ammonium peroxodisulfate in both types of microemulsions were studied. Increasing of the volume fraction of aqueous phase, Φ aw, of the parent single-phase Winsor IV w/o inverse microemulsion by addition of solution of AAm in water led first only to the increase of AAm monomer concentration in inverse microemulsion, and finally to the formation of a two-phase Winsor I o/w microemulsion. Thus, Winsor IV and Winsor I microemulsions characterized with 3-fold and 6-fold higher content of AAm (i.e., up to 6 mass % in Winsor IV and 12 mass % in the microemulsion phase of Winsor I with respect to only 2 mass % in the parent Winsor IV w/o microemulsion) were obtained. Maximum rate of (co)polymerization of AAm/BA couple in Winsor IV w/o inverse microemulsion is only 1.5 times greater than that found for o/w microemulsion phase of Winsor I. Maximum homopolymerization rate of BA in toluene-based Winsor IV inverse w/o microemulsion in comparison to BA-based Winsor IV inverse w/o inverse microemulsion is only 1/75 of the maximum rate of BA homopolymerization in the latter system. The kinetic behavior of AAm and BA (co)monomer pair in free-radical polymerization in studied microemulsions was explained as a result of the different monomer partition between water and oil phases of the dispersion system, of the capability of monomer and/or oligomer radical formation in the individual phases, and of the transfer of these radicals between individual phases of the w/o and/or o/w microemulsions.

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Inverse micro-emulsion polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of a mixture of oleophilic/hydrophilic surfactants

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245

Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245

Inverse microemulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and acrylamide: kinetics, colloidal parameters and some model applications

Acrylamide and Butyl Acrylate Polymerization in Winsor IV (w/o) and Winsor I (o/w) Microemulsions

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