Inverse associations of outdoor activity and vitamin D intake with the risk of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Abstract:Early studies had suggested that vitamin D intake was inversely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. However, the associations of vitamin D intake and outdoor activities with Parkinson's disease (PD) are still unclear, so this study is to evaluate these relationships from a case-control study in elderly Chinese. The study population involved 209 cases with new onsets of PD and 210 controls without neurodegenerative diseases. The data on dietary vitamin D and outdoor activities were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire and self-report questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between dietary outdoor activities, vitamin D intake and PD. Adjustment was made for sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, education, and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PD in quartiles for outdoor physical activity were 1 (reference), 0.739 (0.413, 1.321), 0.501 (0.282, 0.891), and 0.437 (0.241, 0.795), respectively (P=0.002 for trend). Adjusted ORs for PD in quartiles for total vitamin D intake were 1 (reference), 0.647 (0.357, 1.170), 0.571 (0.318, 1.022), and 0.538 (0.301, 0.960), respectively (P=0.011 for trend). Our study suggested that outdoor activity and total vitamin D intake were inversely associated with PD, and outdoor activity seems to be more significantly associated with decreased risk for PD.

Associations between Vitamin D Status, Supplementation, Outdoor Work and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Assessment

“…Following full text assessment 28 references were then excluded for being mechanistic studies or not providing enough data. Finally, seven eligible studies comprising 5690 PD patients and 21251 matched controls were identified, which formed the basis of the present analysis [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The seven studies are all observational studies and the years of publication ranged from 2008 to 2015.…”

“…Two case-control studies covering 458 patients with PD and 578 cases were included in the assessment of association between vitamin D supplementation and PD risk and the main descriptive data from the studies are shown in Table 2 [ 18 , 19 ]. As shown in Figure 3 , the calculated OR for comparison of the highest with the lowest vitamin D supplementation was 0.62, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.90.…”

Low Serum 25(OH)D Levels in Parkinson ’s Disease; a Non Specific Marker of Neurodegeneration?

“…Previous studies have shown a strong correlation between motor dysfunction and vitamin D shortage (outdoor activity and total vitamin D intake are inversely associated with PD [19] but no conclusive evidences link cognitive dysfunctions and low vitamin D levels. A cross-sectional and longitudinal case-control study of 388 patients (mean Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2.1 ± 0.6) and 283 control subjects showed an increased frequency of vitamin D deficiency in PD patients compared to controls and a correlation of low 25(OH)D levels with higher total Unified Parkinson's Disease rating Scale (UPDRS) scores at baseline and during follow up [20].…”

Vitamin D and Sunlight Exposure in Newly-Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease

“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder mostly occurring in elderly humans. Although the pathogenesis of PD is unclear, environmental factors, including some vitamins, have been suggested to be linked with the development of PD [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Previously, vitamin D was considered to be only related to bone metabolism, osteoporosis, and falling. However, vitamin D has recently emerged as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and progressive neurodegenerative disorders [ 5 , 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, inadequate amounts of vitamin D may play a role in the development of PD [ 9 ], as the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain of PD patients could be related to a condition of continuously inadequate vitamin D [ 7 ].…”