Inverse Association of Dietary Fat With Development of Ischemic Stroke in Men

Gillman, Matthew W.

doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550240035030

Cited by 163 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The age-adjusted stroke mortality in men of Japanese origin living in Hawaii decreased as the proportion of fat increased (25-45 en%) [235] (LOE IIb). In the Framingham Heart Study , the age-adjusted cumulative incidence rate for stroke decreased as the proportion of fat increased (26-51 en%) [236] (LOE IIb).…”

Section: Quantity and Quality Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acid Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In further cohort studies that investigated men of Japanese origin in Hawaii [237,238] (LOE IIb) as well as cohorts in Japan [239,240] (LOE IIb), the United States [241,242,243], (LOE IIb), Sweden [244,245,246] (LOE IIb) and the United Kingdom [247] (LOE IIb), no associations were identified between total fat intake and total risk of stroke [237,241,244,246,247] (LOE IIb) as well as risk of ischaemic [237,238,239,240,241,242,243,245,246] (LOE IIb) and haemorrhagic [236,237,238,241,242,246,248] (LOE IIb) stroke.…”

Section: Quantity and Quality Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acid Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine cohort studies investigated whether intake of PUFA is associated with the risk of stroke [236,239,240,241,242,243,245,246,248] (LOE IIb). Most were carried out in the United States (n = 4) and Japan (n = 3), with 2 studies carried out in Sweden.…”

Section: Quantity and Quality Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acid Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases

Wolfram

Bechthold²,

Boeing

et al. 2015

Ann Nutr Metab

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As nutrition-related chronic diseases have become more and more frequent, the importance of dietary prevention has also increased. Dietary fat plays a major role in human nutrition, and modification of fat and/or fatty acid intake could have a preventive potential. The aim of the guideline of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) was to systematically evaluate the evidence for the prevention of the widespread diseases obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinaemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cancer through the intake of fat or fatty acids. The main results can be summarized as follows: it was concluded with convincing evidence that a reduced intake of total and saturated fat as well as a larger intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at the expense of saturated fatty acids (SFA) reduces the concentration of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. Furthermore, there is convincing evidence that a high intake of trans fatty acids increases risk of dyslipoproteinaemia and that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces the triglyceride concentration in plasma. A high fat intake increases the risk of obesity with probable evidence when total energy intake is not controlled for (ad libitum diet). When energy intake is controlled for, there is probable evidence for no association between fat intake and risk of obesity. A larger intake of PUFA at the expense of SFA reduces risk of CHD with probable evidence. Furthermore, there is probable evidence that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces risk of hypertension and CHD. With probable evidence, a high trans fatty acid intake increases risk of CHD. The practical consequences for current dietary recommendations are described at the end of this article.

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Section: Quantity and Quality Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acid Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantity and Quality Of Dietary Fat And Fatty Acid Intake mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases

Wolfram

Bechthold²,

Boeing

et al. 2015

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…20) [68]. Intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was inversely associated with the incidence of cerebral infarction, but the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was not significant ( p = 0.4).…”

Section: Critical Review Of the Eas Consensus Statement 2017 Based Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Framingham citizens (men aged 45–65 years, n = 832) were followed for 20 years. Data taken from Gillman et al [68]. …”

Section: Critical Review Of the Eas Consensus Statement 2017 Based Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017

Okuyama

Hamazaki²,

Hama³

et al. 2018

Pharmacology

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Background: The Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel 2017 concludes on the basis of 3 different types of clinical studies that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In Mendelian randomization studies, rare genetic mutations affecting LDL receptor function were found to cause higher or lower LDL-C levels, which are associated with correspondingly altered ASCVD risk. In prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins, a remarkably consistent log-linear association was demonstrated between the absolute magnitude of LDL-C exposure and ASCVD risk. The EAS Statement proposes that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C. However, as we explain, we do not find this conclusion acceptable. Summary: Our review points out that different interpretations are possible for the results of Mendelian randomization studies. As for prospective cohort studies, many inconsistent reports on the association of LDL-C and ASCVD were disregarded when drafting the Statement, reports with and without genetic factors related to LDL receptor function should be analyzed separately, and the term ASCVD in the Statement is used inappropriately because myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction differ in their association with LDL-C. As for RCTs, clinical reports on statins published before and after the implementation of new regulations affecting clinical trials (2004/2005) should not both be included in meta-analyses because the evaluated efficacy of statins changed markedly, and the irreversible adverse effects of statins need to be evaluated more rigorously now that their mechanisms have been elucidated. Key Messages: Apart from the EAS hypothesis that LDL causes ASCVD, recent pharmacological/biochemical studies, as summarized in this review and elsewhere, have revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by statins taken to lower LDL-C, as well as by warfarin and some types of vegetable fats and oils, in the absence of significantly elevated LDL-C levels. Thus, the promotion of statin treatment by the Statement is rather risky and we do not feel that the conclusions are justified for the prevention of ASCVD.

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Is Cholesterol a Risk Factor for Stroke?

Landau

1999

Arch Neurol

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Inverse Association of Dietary Fat With Development of Ischemic Stroke in Men

Abstract: Intakes of fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat were associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke in men.

Cited by 163 publications

References 38 publications

Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases

Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases

A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017

Is Cholesterol a Risk Factor for Stroke?

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