Inverse association between carbohydrate consumption and plasma adropin concentrations in humans

Abstract

Objective The role of metabolic condition and diet in regulating circulating levels of adropin, a peptide hormone linked to cardiometabolic control, is not well understood. Here we examined weight loss and diet effects on plasma adropin concentrations. Methods The present report includes data from (1) a weight loss trial, (2) an evaluation of acute exercise effects on mixed-meal tolerance test responses, and (3) a meta-analysis to determine normal fasting adropin concentrations. Results Plasma adropin concentrations exhibit a distribution with positive skew and kurtosis. The effect of weight loss on plasma adropin concentrations was dependent on baseline plasma adropin concentrations, with an inverse association between baseline and a decline in concentrations after weight loss (Spearman’s ρ=−0.575; P<0.001). When ranked by baseline plasma adropin concentrations, only values in the upper quartile declined with weight loss. Plasma adropin concentrations under the bell-curve correlated negatively with habitual carbohydrate intake and plasma lipids. There was a negative correlation between baseline values and a transient decline in plasma adropin during the MMTT Conclusions Plasma adropin concentrations in humans are sensitive to dietary macronutrients, perhaps due to habitual consumption of carbohydrate-rich diets suppressing circulating levels. Very high adropin levels may indicate cardiometabolic conditions sensitive to weight loss.

Serum Adropin and Adipose Fatty-Acid Binding Protein at 6th Week of Pregnancy Are Significant Predictors for Development of Insulin Resistance at the 24th Week.

“…Moreover, in line with the results of the current study and against that of Dąbrowski et al (47) multiple clinical trials approved the negative relation between ADR serum level and blood glucose and IR whereas Stevens et al (49) reported that ADR levels in humans are sensitive to dietary macronutrients, perhaps due to habitual consumption of carbohydrate-rich diets suppressing circulating ADR levels. Zhang et al (50) found IR index is a negative independent risk factor of ADR levels in obese adolescents.…”

Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone with Multiple Functions—Review of a Decade of Research

“…It was shown that in women but not in men, serum adropin concentration positively correlated with fat intake [20]. In addition, humans with low adropin levels consume more carbohydrates (simple and complex carbohydrates) [21]. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether diet affects adropin levels or whether adropin influences nutritional habits.…”

Low plasma adropin concentrations increase risks of weight gain and metabolic dysregulation in response to a high-sugar diet in male nonhuman primates

“…The relationships between adropin and metabolism in humans are less clear and remain under investigation. Several studies have reported that fasting plasma adropin concentrations are lower in humans with insulin resistance (23)(24)(25)(26). Relationships have been observed between circulating adropin concentrations and fasting glucose levels in children with Prader-Willi syndrome, as well as circulating levels of the gut peptide obestatin in children (27).…”

“…A more recent study using diverse age groups observed an inverse association between plasma adropin concentrations and indices of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol, LDL-C, and nonHDL-C) in males possibly mediated by suppression of ENHO expression by cholesterol (8). In adults, plasma adropin concentrations are positively correlated with dietary fat intake and inversely with carbohydrate intake (26,28) and increase during fructose consumption (29). Differences in dietary preferences (fat versus carbohydrates) could be a confounding variable in cross-sectional human studies examining the relationship between circulating adropin levels and indices of cardio-metabolic risk.…”