Inverse association between body mass and frequency of milk consumption in children

Barba, Gianvincenzo; Troiano, Ersilia; Russo, Paola; Venezia, Antonella; Siani, Alfonso

doi:10.1079/bjn20041300

Cited by 145 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Also, subjects with the highest milk consumption had a lower odd of being obese. These findings are in agreement with other studies conducted in children, 18 younger men, 19 in the USA 1 or in Iran, 4 and provide further evidence that increased calcium intake from dairy products is associated with a lower BMI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Milk intake is inversely related to obesity in men and in young women: data from the Portuguese Health Interview Survey 1998–1999

Marques‐Vidal

Gonçalves

Dias³

2005

Int J Obes

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Objective: To assess the relationships between milk intake and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of the mainland Portuguese population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health Interview Survey 1998-1999. Average daily milk intake was calculated by a frequency questionnaire that also assessed the average volume of one serving. BMI was derived from the subject's reported height and weight. Subjects: A total of 17 771 men and 19 742 women aged X18 y. Results: In men, milk intake was inversely related to BMI (r ¼ À0.10, Po0.001), whereas the relationship in women was weaker (r ¼ À0.06, Po0.001). In men, prevalence of milk consumers was lower in obese (62%) and in overweight (68%) than in normal weight subjects (71%, Po0.001). After adjusting for age, region, physical activity, smoking, number of meals and educational level, milk intake decreased with increasing BMI (adjusted mean7s.e.: 28075, 26675 and 24677 ml/day for normal, overweight and obese subjects, respectively, Po0.001), even after excluding subjects who did not consume milk (36875, 35376 and 34678 ml/day, Po0.02). In women, prevalence of milk consumers was lower in obese (71%) and in overweight (72%) than in normal weight subjects (76%, Po0.001). In women younger than 55 y, milk intake decreased with increased BMI categories (29179, 271710 and 269711 ml/day for normal, overweight and obese subjects, respectively, Po0.001), whereas no relationship was found in the older group. Conclusions: Increased calcium intake is slightly but significantly negatively related with BMI in men and premenopausal women. The lack of relationship in older women might be due to the hormonal status, but awaits further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Milk intake is inversely related to obesity in men and in young women: data from the Portuguese Health Interview Survey 1998–1999

Marques‐Vidal

Gonçalves

Dias³

2005

Int J Obes

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“…This finding is consistent with the results of Bernard et al 34 Barba et al were the first to report a significant inverse association between frequency of milk consumption and BMI in children. 35 In our study, such findings were significant for boys, but not for girls. Although we did not find any significant association between the frequencies of consumption of fried foods, the type of oil and bread consumed, and the BMI, such dietary habits are considered to have longtterm adverse effects on health that could not be shown in this crosstsectional study.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Association of physical activity and dietary behaviours in relation to the body mass index in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study

Kelishadi

Ardalan

Gheiratmand

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

215

177

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Objective To examine the relation of dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns with the body mass index (BMI), and the associations between these patterns among children. Methods A representative sample of 21 111 school students aged 6-18 years was selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 23 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. PA and dietary pattern were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. Findings Fruit and vegetables, dairy products and snacks (salty, fatty or sweet) had a similar consumption frequency of approximately twice a day. The type of fat most frequently consumed was hydrogenated solid fat (consumed by 73.8% of families). The PA level was significantly higher among boys than girls, in rural than in urban residents, and in intermediate students than high-school students. Among boys, the frequency of consumption of vegetables and plant proteins (R² = 0.46); and among girls, the frequency of consumption of dairy products and fruits, as well as high PA level had a significant inverse association with BMI (R² = 0.57). Among boys, the low frequency of consumption of fruits, the time spent on PA and the energy expenditure; and among girls, the time spent on PA and the energy expenditure, had significant relationships with overweight. When controlling for covariates, PA levels had significant relationships with the frequency of consumption of all food groups. Conclusion Unhealthy lifestyles make Iranian young people prone to chronic diseases later in life. When examining their health benefits, the interrelationship of dietary and PA behaviours should be considered. Voir page 24 le résumé en français. En la página 25 figura un resumen en español. IntroductionAccording to WHO estimates, by 2020, noncommunicable diseases (NCD) will account for approximately three quarters of all deaths in the developing world.1 Interest in childhood precursors to chronic diseases is increasing because the behavioural and biological risk fact t tors for chronic diseases persist from childhood into adulthood.2-4 Declining levels of physical activity (PA) as well as nutrition transition (i.e. the trend towards increased consumption of a diet high in saturated fat, sugar and refined foods, and low in fibre) among commut t nities are thought to be partly responsible for the rising rate of such risk factors worldwide. In this regard, a potential emerging public health concern in developing countries is likely to be the increasing incidence of childhood overweight, which in the future is likely to create an enormous public health burden. 8In recent years, in addition to problems in adults, the epidemiologit t cal transition has made Iranian young people prone to chronic diseases in later life. The project team obtained written informed consent from parents and oral assent from students. They selected school students by multistage random cluster sampling. Schools were stratified according to location (urban or rural), and the socioeconomic characteristics of their catchment area, taking into consi...

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“…Studies showing an inverse relationship between dairy intake and weight status in children are observational, thus, estimates of food intake are dependent on participants' self-reports (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Results from intervention studies with children (in which dietary calcium can be manipulated) tend to report no association between calcium, dairy intake, and weight status (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that increased intake of dairy foods and calcium may play a significant role in maintaining a healthful weight and moderating body fat (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). However, results across studies have been inconsistent (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and this may be attributable to major challenges in using self-reported dietary intake data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

Fiorito¹,

Ventura²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

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We explored the relationships among girls' weight status, dairy servings, and total energy intake. The hypothesis that consuming dairy could reduce risk for overweight was evaluated by comparing energy intake and weight status of girls who met or consumed less than the recommended three servings of dairy per day. Participants included 172 11-year-old non-Hispanic white girls, assessed cross-sectionally. Intakes of dairy, calcium, and energy were measured using three 24-hour recalls. Body mass index and body fat measures from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Because preliminary analyses suggested systematic underreporting of energy intake, the relationships among dairy servings and measures of weight status were examined for the total sample and for subsamples of under-, plausible, and overreporters. Data for the total sample provided support for the hypothesized relationship among weight status, dairy servings, and energy intake. Thirty-nine percent of girls reported consuming the recommended ≥3 servings of dairy per day; these girls also reported higher energy intake but had lower body mass index z scores and body fat than the girls who consumed fewer than three dairy servings each day. Among plausible reporters, no relationship between dairy intake and weight status was noted. This discrepancy may be attributable to a high percentage (45%) of overweight underreporters in the total sample. Our findings reveal that reporting bias, resulting from the presence of a substantial proportion of underreporters of higher weight status, can contribute to obtaining spurious associations between dairy intake and weight status. These findings underscore the need for randomly controlled trials to assess the role of dairy in weight management.The prevalence of pediatric obesity has been rising for more than 20 years (1). There is evidence that increased intake of dairy foods and calcium may play a significant role in maintaining a healthful weight and moderating body fat (2-15). However, results across studies have been inconsistent (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and this may be attributable to major challenges in using self-reported dietary intake data. Self-reported intakes tend to be subject to underreporting bias and the underreporting of energy intake tends to be positively related to weight status. Underreporters also tend to weigh more (29,30). Doubly labeled water techniques assessing energy expenditure suggest underreporting results in a 10% to 50% underestimation of actual energy intake and is a significant problem in older children (31). Doubly labeled water techniques are expensive and not feasible for large samples; thus, several methods have been developed that use estimated energy requirements to assess reporting bias (29,32). Therefore, in this study the method suggested by Huang and colleagues (29) was used to classify children as under-,

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Inverse association between body mass and frequency of milk consumption in children

Cited by 145 publications

References 23 publications

Milk intake is inversely related to obesity in men and in young women: data from the Portuguese Health Interview Survey 1998–1999

Milk intake is inversely related to obesity in men and in young women: data from the Portuguese Health Interview Survey 1998–1999

Association of physical activity and dietary behaviours in relation to the body mass index in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study

Girls’ Dairy Intake, Energy Intake, and Weight Status

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