Inventory of the degree of tree defoliation in small areas

Podlaski, Rafał

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.026

Cited by 14 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To this end, a coordinate system is marked on the general management map with a scale of 1:5,000 where the investigated area is located. A network formed by the centres of the intervals measured on the x and y axis is used (Podlaski 2005). The length of the intervals depends on a maximum density of windfalls forming the population under investigation.…”

Section: Evaluation Of I Typographus Population Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical evaluation of Ips typographus population density: a useful tool in protected areas and conservation-oriented forestry

Borkowski

Podlaski

2011

Biodivers Conserv

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Ips typographus (Col., Curculionidae, Scolytinae) occurring on Picea abies stems is a species characterised by large fluctuations in population numbers and causing frequent outbreaks. In protected areas, I. typographus is regarded as a sensitive bioindicator responsive to changes in forest health and vitality. In conservation-oriented forestry, attention is being paid to the ecological value of I. typographus beetles as ecosystem engineers and keystone species, driving forest natural regeneration and conversion. Despite many publications devoted to I. typographus, no accurate method for estimating the population density of this species has been developed. The objective of this study was to develop a statistical method for estimating I. typographus population density that enables calculation of estimation errors. The proposed method consists of two parts: tree-level analyses and stand-level analyses. Part one allows calculation of the total density of I. typographus infestation of each of P. abies selected stem (after selecting sample windfalls), part two allows estimation of the mean total infestation density of the stem in the area investigated. Linear regression functions were applied to part one and survey sampling to part two. The method is only marginally invasive because it involves debarking of one 0.5 m-long stem section on maximum 50 P. abies windfalls (trap trees can optionally be used). The developed method was employed to assess I. typographus population density in the Ś więtokrzyskie Mountains in Central Poland in an area of ca. 4,000 ha. In 2010, in the area investigated, the mean total I. typographus infestation density of the P. abies stem was 440.6 maternal galleries/m 2 (from 358.7 to 522.6 maternal galleries/m 2 with a = 0.05; the relative error of estimation was 18.6%). The examined I. typographus population was in a progradation phase. The proposed method can be used in nature reserves, national parks and managed forests, mainly for scientific purposes.

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Section: Evaluation Of I Typographus Population Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical evaluation of Ips typographus population density: a useful tool in protected areas and conservation-oriented forestry

Borkowski

Podlaski

2011

Biodivers Conserv

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“…Abies alba is generally in poor health (Podlaski 2005(Podlaski , 2007. In Central European lower-mountain forests, F. silvatica has gradually been replacing A. alba in multispecies stands (e.g., Spiecker et al 1996a, b).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), coded 5041, 5042, and 5043, and comprising the area of the Ś więtokrzyski National Park, were marked on small-scale maps (1:5,000) of the Ś więtokrzyski National Park forest sections in the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw (Ciołkosz 1991;Podlaski 2005). Next, blocks P 0 (11,697 9 18,537 m) and sub-blocks P 1 (1,950 9 2,060 m) and P 2 (975.0 9 1,030.0 m) were drawn on the map of the Ś więty Krzy_ z forest section (Fig.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1994, five sample points were selected from each sub-block P 2 . In marginal sub-blocks, a proportionally smaller number of points were selected (Podlaski 2005). Using a randomnumber table (Zieliński 1972), six numerals were selected along a line; and from these, a pair of three-digit numbers was generated.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In consequence, some areas became marshy, thus hindering natural regeneration of A. alba (Gądek 2000). Generally, trees of this species growing in the Ś więtokrzyski National Park are of poor health (Podlaski 2002(Podlaski , 2005. In the lower-mountain zone forests of Central Europe, Fagus sylvatica is gradually replacing A. alba in stands composed of many species (e.g., Jaworski 1982;Spiecker et al 1996a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating stem infestation density of Pityokteines curvidens (Germ.) on windfalls: a statistical approach

Podlaski

Borkowski

2009

J Pest Sci

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The objective of this study was to elaborate a statistical method for estimating the total average density of infestation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) windfalls by the bark beetle (Pityokteines curvidens Germ.) that allows calculation of estimation errors and does not require debarking of the whole stem. The study was conducted in near-natural forests with A. alba growing in the Ś więtokrzyski National Park in Central Poland. In total, 56 windfalls of this species were examined. Two main patterns (A and B) of spatial distribution of P. curvidens egg galleries on stems of A. alba were observed. In pattern A, egg galleries were present in the first 1-m length of stem (measured from the base), and the probability of infestation in the first, second, and third 1-m-long stem section was 100%; it then decreased as the distance from the tree base increased. In pattern B, egg galleries were absent from the first 1-m length, but the probability of infestation in successive 1-m lengths increased (from the second to the ninth sections); then it decreased (from the 10th to the 18th sections). The linear regression equations were calculated for trees with the infested (pattern A) and uninfested (pattern B) first 1-m-long stem section measuring from the tree base. The most significant correlation between the number of P. curvidens egg galleries in individual 1-m-long stem sections and the total infestation density in the case of pattern A was found for the sixth and seventh sections counting from the tree base (coefficients of determination were 0.8551 and 0.8516, respectively, while the mean relative errors of estimation did not exceed 28%), and in the case of pattern B for the tenth section (coefficient of determination was 0.7992, and the mean relative error of estimation was 39.7%). The method presented in this paper facilitated quick estimation of the density of infestation of A. alba stems by P. curvidens. Together with survey sampling, it allows estimation of the P. curvidens numbers in the area investigated, also in stands situated in zones under strict protection in nature reserves and national parks.

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Accuracy assessment of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

Podlaski¹

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Tree damage, gauged by the amount of defoliation, is one of the basic criteria used to determine treatments for protected and economic forests. Monitoring should include an assessment of the degree of tree damage in different spatial scales. Therefore, in addition to the commonly applied large-area methods, small-area methods should be used. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the accuracy assessment of a small-area method, proposed by Podlaski (2005) [Podlaski, R. (2005). Inventory of the degree of tree defoliation in small areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 215, 361-377], for monitoring the degree of tree damage. The degree of tree damage was shown in sub-blocks P(3) of the system of information on natural environment (SINUS). To estimate the spatial distribution of the degree of tree defoliation, survey sampling, based on simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR), was used. The degree of damage to fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was analysed in the Swiety Krzyz forest section in the Swietokrzyski National Park. The maximum total estimation errors for the proportion of trees with a degree zero of damage, and with second and third degrees of damage together (for alpha = 0.05) were at most 30.8% for fir and 24.3% for beech trees. For standard, small-area evaluations, these are satisfactory values. In the Swiety Krzyz forest section, the number of P(3) sub-blocks with 0.00-5.00% of undamaged trees and with 80.01-100.00% of moderately- or severely-damaged trees was significantly greater for fir than for beech. These results indicate that the fir population was unhealthier than the beech group in the study area. P(3) sub-blocks of the SINUS system, in which the proportion of the healthiest trees was highest, were situated at the forest margin, bordering on meadows and arable fields (in the case of fir) and forming dense patches consisting of several sub-blocks, or occurring singly in the whole study area (in the case of beech). The results show the significant differentiation of forest tree health in small areas.

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Inventory of the degree of tree defoliation in small areas

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Statistical evaluation of Ips typographus population density: a useful tool in protected areas and conservation-oriented forestry

Statistical evaluation of Ips typographus population density: a useful tool in protected areas and conservation-oriented forestry

Estimating stem infestation density of Pityokteines curvidens (Germ.) on windfalls: a statistical approach

Accuracy assessment of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

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