Inventory of pores in antennal sensilla of Yponomeuta spp. (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) and Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)

Structure, distribution, and innervation of sensilla on the ovipositor of the spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana, and evidence of a gustatory function for type II sensilla

“…Several cleaning methods were tried (Valencia and Rice 1982;Klijnstra and Roessingh 1986;Stoffolano and Yin 1987;Baker and Ramaswamy 1990), but only two (Cuperus 1985;Kapoor 1989) yielded clean specimens. Excised ovipositors were immersed in physiological saline at 60°C for 15 min, washed twice in this same solution, and sonicated for 30 s. They were then washed in warm 10% acetic acid in saline, rewashed three times in warm saline, once in 5% potassium hydroxide for 10 min, twice in warm saline again, and finally fixed in phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.2) followed by 1% osmium tetroxide (Kapoor 1989).…”

“…They were dehydrated in an ethanol series, critical point dried, glued to stubs, and coated with about 100 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) of gold in a sputter coater. In another method, excised specimens were immersed in boiling tetrachloromethane and rewashed 4-5 times in fresh stock of the same solution, then air dried and coated with gold (Cuperus 1985). Specimens were observed and photographed with a Hitachi S-520 SEM.…”

Recent advances in insect olfaction, specifically regarding the morphology and sensory physiology of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth Manduca sexta

“…The fine structure of the basiconic sensilla of female M. sexta most closely resembles that of the large basiconic sensilla of female and male B. mori (Steinbrecht, 1973(Steinbrecht, ,1980Steinbrecht and Gnatzy, 1984), males of M. sexta (Keil, 1989;Lee and Strausfeld, 1990), A. polyphemus (Keil, 1984a), A. pernyi (Keil, 1984a), and Y. vigintipunctatus and A. orana (Cuperus, 1985a).…”

“…In later studies with moths of the same species, Cuperus (1985a, b) also showed a sexual dimorphism with respect to the number of sensory cells innervating the trichoid sensilla and number of pores present in both trichoid and basiconic sensilla. Cuperus (1985a) suggested that the fewer number of pores present in the trichoid sensilla of females of three lepidopteran species, as compared with those of males, could possibly account for the fact that these sensilla are at least ten to one hundred times less sensitive to sex attractants (see Den Otter et al, 1978;Van der Pers and Den Otter, 1978).…”

“…Typically, double-walled, multiporous sensilla are exclusively olfactory, but some of these sensilla may also contain a single, cold-sensitive sensory cell (bimodal thermo-olfactory sensilla; Altner et al, 1977). Double-walled, multiporous sensilla have been reported to be sensitive to fatty acids (Altner et al, 1981;Lacher, 1967), essential oils (Lacher, 1967), leaf extracts (Cuperus, 1985a;Den Otter et al, 1978;discussed in Schneider and Steinbrecht, 1968), water vapor, ammonia, acetone, acetic acid, anisole (Kellogg, 1970), amines (Altner et al, 1977), lactic acid (Davis, 1977), cyclic terpenoids (Klein et al, 1988), and polar aliphatic acids and aldehydes with shorter chain lengths (between 3 and 10 carbon atoms, such as hexanoic acid or heptanal) (Pophof, 1997; see also Altner et al, 1977). Like double-walled coeloconic sensilla of other insects, these sensilla of female M. sexta are likely to be olfactory and to possess sensory cells responsive to plant odors.…”