Inventory of complicated grief: Factor structure among middle-aged and older bereaved parents

Lifshitz, Rinat; Ifrah, Kfir; Markovitz, Noam; Bluvstein, Irit; Shmotkin, Dov

doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1725931

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, the study by O'Connor et al (37) found support for the theoretically derived two-factor model, in agreement with the present study. A recent study on a Hebrew version of Inventory of Complicated Grief among older bereaved parents found support for a three-factor structure (39). It should be noted that the fit of the three-factor model in the present study may be positively biased because the fit was assessed on the same sample that was used in the exploratory factor analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

et al. 2020

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Background: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 in a bereaved trauma exposed sample. A second aim was to examine the latent structure of prolonged grief using the PG-13.Methods: The participants were adults (n = 123) taking part in an ongoing longitudinal study regarding the effects of potentially traumatic events. Participants had experienced a potentially traumatic event in the past 5 years and had reported a death of a significant other either as their primary traumatic event or in addition to another traumatic event. Assessment included self-report of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and general psychological distress. Clinical interviews were used to assess depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and disability level. The psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 were examined through reliability tests and assessment of associations with symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, general psychological distress, and disability level. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to assess the latent structure.Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86) and test-retest (r = 0.86) reliability were good. PCA suggested a three-factor model as descriptive of the latent structure of the instrument. Therefore, the CFA used this model, as well as two models suggested in the literature. The three-factor model had the best fit to data. Support of concurrent validity of PG-13 was shown by moderate positive associations with measures of posttraumatic stress, depression, and general psychological distress.Conclusions: The Swedish PG-13 demonstrated good psychometric properties, and its use in research and practice to assess prolonged grief was supported. The factor analyses provided stronger support for models with two or three factors, as compared with a unidimensional model of prolonged grief, with the three-factor model having the best fit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

et al. 2020

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“…In the study by Lifshitz et al (2020), the correlations between the scores of the three factors were significantly positive, indicating important convergent validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) created by Prigerson (1995) and adapted to Spanish by Limonero (2009) has been one of the most widely used scales to evaluate CG, showing adequate levels of reliability and viability (Lifshitz et al, 2020;Han et al, 2016). In addition, it has been found that the ICG is a more sensitive instrument to detect cases of CG and it is better suited to discriminate among severities of CG, compared to other scales (Igarashi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICG has been validated in different countries such as Israel (Lifshitz et al, 2020), Korea (Han et al, 2016), Poland (Ludwikowska-Świeboda, & Lachowska, 2019, Italy (Carmassi et al, 2014), Colombia (Gamba-Collazos & Navia, 2017 and Spain (Limonero et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying the psychometric properties of the ICG, according to the context in which it is applied, as Masferrer et al (2017) indicates, clinical instruments tend to behave differently depending on the type of population to which they are applied. Based on the validations that have been conducted on the ICG, the study of both reliability and validity can be identified, through internal consistency and test-retest comparisons, as well as with analyses that allow to ascertain the validity of the convergent and divergent construct through correlations with other scales (Gamba-Collazos & Navia, 2017;Lifshitz et al, 2020;Limonero et al, 2009;Masferrer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Complicated Grief in Mexican community sample during COVID-19 pandemic.

Domínguez-Rodríguez¹,

Esquivel-Santoveña²,

Chávez-Valdez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) in the adult population, since there is no valid instrument that evaluates this construct in the Mexican population.Method: This study was based on an Ex Post Facto, instrumental design with a convenience sample. The ICG was applied to 4014 participants (3540, females, 470 males and 4 individuals classified as other) who had experienced a loss of a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The internal reliability of each factor was examined by means of the Cronbach’s alpha index (α). Correlation analyses between the ICG, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Satisfaction with life scale and the Beck's Hopelessness Scale were performed to assess convergent and divergent validity of the ICG.Results: The ICG showed a high internal reliability with a Cronbach alpha of 0.92. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a four-factor model of the ICG (normal grief symptoms, emotional-anxious detachment, intense negative emotions, loss-impairing anxiety) fits the data well. According to bivariate analyses the ICG was correlated with measures of life satisfaction (r = -.208, n = 1984, p = .001), hopelessness (r = .522, n = 1984, p = .001), and depressive symptoms (r = .641, n = 1984, p = .001).Conclusions: The ICG with a Mexican sample is valid, with good psychometric properties and an appropriate measure of complicated grief for Mexican adults.

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Complicated grief and posttraumatic stress after loss and separation under terror conditions

Jann,

Neldner,

Neuner

et al. 2023

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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The lives of people in conflict areas are often characterized by the experience of traumatic events frequently accompanied by loss and separation. These can equally trigger symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief (CG). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether affected individuals could be assigned to distinct classes at symptom‐cluster levels of these two disorders. Moreover, we aimed to identify event‐related and sociodemographic predictors associated with membership in these pathological classes. Participants were Iraqi internally displaced persons (IDPs; N = 199) who fled their hometowns due to the ISIS conflict and reported having lost an important person within the past 5 years. Based on the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) and Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), a latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to examine different classes of symptom clusters. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine which variables predicted assignment to these symptom classes. The impact of loss and separation among IDPs in Iraq manifested in CG symptoms in more than half of the affected population and was often accompanied by PTSD. LCA identified a low‐symptoms class (17.6%), CG class (33.7%), PTSD class (12.1%), and comorbid PTSD+CG class (36.7%). The sudden or violent death of a loved one was identified as a distinguishing factor for PTSD. Furthermore, separation was associated with comorbidity. Aid agencies should take these specific factors into account to improve effective and economic aid delivery to IDPs continuously affected by terror.

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Inventory of complicated grief: Factor structure among middle-aged and older bereaved parents

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Complicated Grief in Mexican community sample during COVID-19 pandemic.

Complicated grief and posttraumatic stress after loss and separation under terror conditions

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