“…With this in mind, we hope to use circular economy or recycling to reduce the consumption of the earth's resources. The past decade has seen a wide range of literature on reverse logistics (Chan, Yin, & Chan, 2010 [1]; Alamri, 2011 [2]; Mona 2011 [3]; Lin, C-C., 2013 [4]; Li, Y., & Chen, Z., 2015 [5]; Wakhid, A.J., Rahmad, S., Pringgo, W. L., 2018 [6]) and sustainable product design/manufacturing/operations (Yuan-Shyi, 2005 [7]; El Saadany & Jaber, 2010 [8], 2011 [9]; Gungor & Gupta, 1999 [10]; Jaber & El Saadany, 2009 [11], 2011 [12]; Hodgson & Warburton, 2009 [13]). Some recent reviews (Akcali & Cetinkaya, 2011 [14]; Lin, T-Y., 2013 [15]) have shown that inventory and production planning in a closed-loop supply chain are quantitative models.…”