Invasive Type e<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Disease in Italy

Cerquetti, Marina; Atti, Marta Luisa Ciofi degli; Cardines, Rita; Salmaso, Stefania; Renna, Giovanna; Mastrantonio, Paola

doi:10.3201/eid0902.020142

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Despite the reports that in the populations with mass vaccination against H. influenzae serotype b the rates of colonization and infection by other serotypes may increase, the high proportion of H. influenzae serotype e found in our study is probably connected with serotype detection by PCR, because in some isolates, in particular those representing H. influenzae serotype e, the expression of capsular polysaccharide is not sufficient to be detected by slide agglutination (2,3,11,16,17,24). Therefore, until recently the prevalence of this serotype could have been underestimated, because most studies had used slide agglutination as a standard method.…”

contrasting

confidence: 42%

“…In this study, as would be expected for a country with no program of mass vaccination against H. influenzae serotype b, the most prevalent serotype among the encapsulated H. influenzae isolates was H. influenzae serotype b, but, astonishingly, almost the same percentage of isolates represented H. influenzae serotype e. Although the results of carriage studies have mainly presented H. influenzae serotype e isolates as colonizers, few authors have described H. influenzae serotype e as an etiologic agent of serious, as well as fatal, infections (2,3,20,24). Despite the reports that in the populations with mass vaccination against H. influenzae serotype b the rates of colonization and infection by other serotypes may increase, the high proportion of H. influenzae serotype e found in our study is probably connected with serotype detection by PCR, because in some isolates, in particular those representing H. influenzae serotype e, the expression of capsular polysaccharide is not sufficient to be detected by slide agglutination (2,3,11,16,17,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the overwhelming majority of invasive Haemophilus sp. infections are caused by H. influenzae serotype b, other serotypes as well as nontypeable isolates (NTI) have also been associated with invasive diseases (2,3,6,12,13,17,18,24). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and serotype distribution of encapsulated H. influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

et al. 2005

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Among 1,272 H. influenzae isolates obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 5.6% were found to be encapsulated. The most common were serotypes b (40.3%) and e (38.9%) followed by serotypes f (16.7%) and d (4.1%). All encapsulated isolates within a particular serotype showed high genetic homogeneity and did not produce ␤-lactamases.Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for respiratory tract infections as well as severe invasive infections such as meningitis, bacteremia-sepsis, epiglottitis, and septic arthritis. Although the overwhelming majority of invasive Haemophilus sp. infections are caused by H. influenzae serotype b, other serotypes as well as nontypeable isolates (NTI) have also been associated with invasive diseases (2,3,6,12,13,17,18,24). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and serotype distribution of encapsulated H. influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).From 1996 through 2001, 1,272 H. influenzae isolates, representing the whole country, were collected during a surveillance study in 25 centers in Poland. The study included outpatients and hospitalized patients (sampled within 48 h of admission) with clinically proven community-acquired LRTIs (exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pneumonia) from whom samples of bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, or sputum (evaluated with respect to the numbers of white blood cells and epithelial cells and the presence of the mucus threads) were taken (1). Although in local laboratories all isolates were identified by standard procedures, 4.07% of isolates were misidentified. PCRs were run to confirm species identification and to detect capsule-and serotype-specific genes. Supernatants obtained from boiled colonies of H. influenzae were used for duplex PCR for species identification and capsule gene detection (4, 5). For isolates for which the specific products for capsule genes were obtained, the PCRs for serotypes a to f determination were run with primers a1-a2, b1-b2, c1-c2, d1-d2, e1-e2, f1-f2, respectively (4). Quality control strains of H. influenzae of serotypes a to f used for PCR were provided by Oxford Public Health Laboratory (John Radcliffe Hospital). The H. parainfluenzae strain used as the negative control (strain no. 2259/96) was derived from our collection.The production of ␤-lactamases was determined by a nitrocefin assay according to the instructions of the manufacturer (bio Merieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). The relatedness among encapsulated isolates was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA analysis, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and interpreted as previously described (21,22).A total of 72 (5.6%) H. influenzae isolates were found to be encapsulated. The most common were H. influenzae serotypes b (40.3%; n ϭ 29) and e (38.9%; n ϭ 28) followed by serotypes f (16.7%; n ϭ 12) and d (4.1%; n ϭ 3). The results of comparisons of the frequencies of recovery of different serotypes and NTI s...

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confidence: 42%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

et al. 2005

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“…Three patients were described to have an underlying disease. Two patients had CSF leak (5,15) and one patient had head trauma (4). Similar to the present case, severe meningitis may occur in healthy individuals (7).…”

Section: H Influenzae Can Be Classified Into Non-typable and Typablesupporting

confidence: 61%

“…and in a few adults (4,5). This paper describes a case of meningitis caused by H. influenzae type e (Hie) in an adult Saudi patient.…”

Section: Most Upper Respiratory Tract Strains Of Haemophilus Influenzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemophilus influenzae Type E Meningitis and Bacteremia in a Healthy Adult

Al‐Tawfiq

2007

Intern. Med.

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Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections Haemophilus spp.

Cerquetti

2012

Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections

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Invasive Type eHaemophilus influenzaeDisease in Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

Haemophilus influenzae Type E Meningitis and Bacteremia in a Healthy Adult

Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections Haemophilus spp.

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