Invasive species ofHeracleumin Europe: an insight into genetic relationships and invasion history

Abstract

Several species of the genus Heracleum (Umbelliferae) were introduced into Europe from south‐west Asia in the 19th century and are now widespread in many countries. At least three invasive taxa with unresolved relationships to one another are thought to occur in Europe: Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier, H. sosnowskyi Manden, and H. persicum Desf. ex Fischer. They are tall plants forming extensive stands with a high cover. To elucidate genetic relationships between the species, and gain insight into their invasion history, samples were collected from native ranges in Asia and invaded ranges of the three species in Europe and analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Five other Heracleum species were also studied and in total, 189 samples from 72 populations were analysed. The results confirmed that there are three distinct tall Heracleum species invading in Europe. Within each of the three species, plants collected in the invaded range are genetically close to those from their native ranges. A close genetic relationship between the three invasive Heracleum species in Europe was also found. A high overall genetic variability detected in the invaded range suggests that the majority of invading populations were not affected by a genetic bottleneck and that rapid evolution, drift, or hybridization played a role in genetic structuring of invading populations. For H. mantegazzianum, genetic distance of populations in the native range significantly decreased with geographical distance, but not in the invaded range. It is likely that the current pattern of genetic diversity in Europe resulted from multiple introductions of all three species.

Composition and herbicidal effect of Heracleum sosnowskyi essential oil

“…C3 grasses, wild oat and rye brome showed an increasing susceptibility to increasing doses of EO, as reflected in the significant shortening of both hypocotyls and radicles. The other species' seedlings were unsusceptible to H. sosnowskyi EO up to the one or two highest doses at and H. mantegazzianum proves that both species are closely related [1].…”

“…Heracleum sosnowskyi (Manden, Apiaceae), or Sosnowsky hogweed, is one of the most dangerous invasive species in Central and Northern Europe [1][2][3]. One of the main 2 Experimental procedures…”

Identifying and prioritising services in European terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems

“…However, this has also led to the introduction of non-native species and many riparian areas and floodplains along European waterways are dominated by exotic plants [e.g. Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum; Jahodova et al 2007) and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica; Tiebre et al 2007)]. …”

Chorological, ecological and taxonomic notes on the vascular flora of Hungary III

“…Ezen felül Dancza ap. Jahodová et al (2007) és Dancza (2012) Keszthelyről is jelezte termesztett, majd kivaduló állományát, ez az adat a fl óraatlaszba azonban nem került be. Újabb más jelzést hazai terjedéséről nem ismerünk, ezért a fentiekben össze-foglaltuk megfi gyeléseinket a Felső-Tisza mellől, ezek némelyike a Fintha által azonosított szatmári területről származik, megtaláltuk továbbá a Beregi-síkon is.…”