Invasive pneumococcal disease in the Australian Capital Territory and Queanbeyan region: Do high infant rates reflect more disease or better detection?

Andresen, DN; Collignon, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00334.x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contemporary (within the past decade) studies have been conducted in selected childhood [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] or adult [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] age groups in diverse geographical jurisdictions worldwide. A relatively smaller number of studies have been conducted in entire populations in recent years and these are displayed in Table 2 [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Importantly, most studies investigating serious infections due to S. pneumoniae have included invasive disease (i.e.…”

Section: Specific Aetiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies

Laupland

2013

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

269

212

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Bloodstream infection (BSI) is associated with major morbidity and mortality. Population-based studies are the optimal designs to determine the occurrence of BSI. This is because in these designs all cases of BSI occurring in residents of a defined population are included, and where the population at risk is known incidence rates may be determined. Furthermore, selection bias is minimized by inclusion of all cases fulfilling the case definition. Despite the methodological advantages, there is only a small body of published literature investigating BSI at the population level. Few studies conducted since the 1970s have included all aetiologies of BSI and have reported rates between 80 and 189 per 100 000 per year with higher rates reported in more recent years. The three most common aetiologies of BSI are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which occur at approximate rates of 35, 25 and 10 per 100 000 population, respectively. The incidence of BSI has been demonstrated to vary significantly among regions, and this is in part related to blood culturing rates, population demographic differences and risk factor distribution in regions. Knowledge of the incidence of BSI is important for setting healthcare and research priorities and for evaluating the effectiveness of preventative interventions.

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Section: Specific Aetiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies

Laupland

2013

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

269

212

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a Gram-positive diplococcus, causes a spectrum of diseases; ranging from invasive to non-invasive pneumococcal disease (NIPD) [1]. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) refers to isolation of S. pneumoniae from a normally sterile body sites like blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or pleural fluid [2]. IPD can manifest as serious diseases such as bacteremia, meningitis and bacteremic pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)

AlSalaman

Alshehabi

Salah

et al. 2017

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Objective: To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain. Design and Setting: Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. Patients and Methods: Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed. Results: A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%. Conclusion: This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.

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“…Of more contemporary interest is the effect of the inclusion of the 7‐valent pneumococcal vaccine (7vPCV) in the national schedule. Several surveys of invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia prior to the introduction of these vaccines have been published . Serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in Queensland were found to vary by region .…”

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confidence: 99%