Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Navalkele, Pournima; Özgönenel, Bülent; McGrath, Eric; Lephart, Paul; Sarnaik, Sharada A.

doi:10.1097/mph.0000000000000858

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Others have also reported a disproportionate proportion of IPD cases due to non-PCV serotypes in children with SCD compared with children without SCD after PCV7 (77% vs 44% in one study),11 and more recently after PCV13 22. It is noteworthy that, after PCV7 introduction,10 and after PCV13 introduction,23 serogroup 15 appears to be a particularly common cause of IPD among children with SCD, accounting for 73% of IPD cases in our cohort. Genomic analysis of invasive isolates and murine SCD studies have suggested that some pneumococcal strains may be particularly adapted to cause invasive disease in children with SCD 24…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in England: A National Observational Cohort Study, 2010–2015

Oligbu¹,

Collins

Sheppard

et al. 2017

Arch Dis Child

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Children with SCD remain at increased risk of IPD despite national newborn screening, early penicillin prophylaxis and high pneumococcal vaccine uptake. They are also more likely to die of their infection compared with their peers without SCD. Most IPD cases are now due to serotypes not covered by PCV13. Healthcare professionals need to work more closely with families with SCD and local communities to emphasise the importance of penicillin prophylaxis, explore barriers, allay misguided beliefs and facilitate rapid access to healthcare.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in England: A National Observational Cohort Study, 2010–2015

Oligbu¹,

Collins

Sheppard

et al. 2017

Arch Dis Child

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“…Thus, prophylaxis, especially when instituted in the first 90 days of the patient's life, tends to minimize such risk. 11,12 Table 2. Standardized pharmaceutical information provided during the first pharmaceutical consultation and phone contacts made by the sickle-cell disease (SCD) management service to the children assisted in the Hemominas Foundation, and adequacy to the therapeutic guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descrição do serviço de gestão da condição da saúde voltado a crianças recém-diagnosticadas com doença falciforme

Dias¹,

Duque²,

Groia-Veloso³

et al. 2021

Rev Bras Farm Hosp Serv Saude

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Objective: To assess the results of the health condition management service provided for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: a cross-sectional study of the health condition management service offered to newly diagnosed children with SCD treated between January 2016 and December 2019 at the Blood Center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The service was provided by a clinical pharmacist and an academic from the pharmacy course, with data from the initial consultation (start of drug use) performed in a pharmacist’s office and telephone contact carried out eight days later. All children seen at the service were evaluated, and their demographic characteristics, compliance with the beginning of the use of prophylactic drugs for sickle cell disease (phenoxymethylpenicillin and folic acid) according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health (within 90 days after birth), and documented reason in case of non-compliance. The doubts regarding the medications and the standardized interventions of the service to the children´s guardians were also described. The difference in the distribution of variables in the adequacy and non-adequacy group to the MS protocol was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test (categorical) and Mann-Whitney (numerical). Results: In the SCD condition management service, all children together with their guardians (N = 298) had their first consultation with the pharmacist (initial dispensation day), however, only 185 (62.1%) participated in the pharmaceutical service by telephone (eight days after the initial dispensing). Approximately 88.3% of children started using drugs for sickle cell disease according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health; the most frequent reason for non-compliance was the late diagnosis in the complementary health system (22.9%). The guardians pointed out 63 doubts about the medications, highlighting their non-acceptance by the child (28.6%), and for all doubts standard pharmaceutical guidelines were provided in the service. Conclusion: It was identified that the health condition management service provided is relevant, since most of those responsible for the children with SCD had doubts about their medication after the administration of medications began. The pharmacist contributes positively to the pharmacotherapeutic management of SCD, promoting empowerment about the correct use of medicines.

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“…pre-or post-PCV era); this study was excluded. The remaining 16 studies were included in the final analysis (Halasa et al, 2007;Adamkiewicz et al, 2008;Rogovik et al, 2010;McCavit et al, 2011;Narang et al, 2012;Baskin et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2013;Ellison et al, 2013;Patel et al, 2013;Payne et al, 2013;Shihabuddin & Scarfi, 2014;Soothill et al, 2016;Brown et al, 2017;Navalkele et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2018;Oligbu et al, 2018). We found large variations in study methodology and quality.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in children with sickle cell disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Summary Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in children, including those with sickle cell disease (SCD). A systematic review of the English literature published between 2000 and 2017 was undertaken to evaluate the serotype distribution, clinical presentation and outcomes of IPD in children with SCD in PCV programmes. We identified 475 potential studies and included 16 publications, involving 9438 children up to 22 years of age with SCD and 182 IPD episodes (prevalence, 1·9%. 95% confidence interval [CI], 1·7–2·2%). Septicaemia was the most prevalent clinical presentation (84/137; 61%) followed by lower respiratory tract infection (39/137; 29%) and meningitis (12/137, 9%). More than half the serotypes associated with IPD (88/148; 59·5%) were not included in the 13‐valent PCV; of these, 54% (44/82) were due to serogroup 15. The crude case fatality rate was 11·5% (21/182 cases; 95% CI, 7·3–17·1%). Most cases of IPD in children with SCD were due to serotypes that are not included in any of the licensed PCVs. IPD in children with SCD remains associated with high morbidity and mortality, highlighting the importance of strict adherence to daily penicillin prophylaxis. Until a serotype‐independent pneumococcal vaccine becomes available, higher‐valent PCVs should include serogroup 15 to protect this highly vulnerable group of children.

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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract: Breakthrough cases of IPD may involve nonvaccine isolates, and seem to occur after 5 years of age when oral penicillin prophylaxis has been terminated.

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in England: A National Observational Cohort Study, 2010–2015

Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in England: A National Observational Cohort Study, 2010–2015

Descrição do serviço de gestão da condição da saúde voltado a crianças recém-diagnosticadas com doença falciforme

Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in children with sickle cell disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: a systematic review of the literature

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