Invasive pneumococcal disease in a cohort of predominantly HIV-1 infected female sex-workers in Nairobi, Kenya

Ojoo, Sylvia; Ojoo, Josephine C; Brindle, Richard; Paul, John R.; Batchelor, B.; Kimari, J.; Newnham, Robert; Bwayo, Joab; Plummer, Francis A.; Gilks, Charles F.; Warrell, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90076-8

Cited by 182 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…CD4 cell count is an example of a well-known risk factor for pneumonia and pneumococcal disease [4,6,16,17,[29][30][31]. Other risk factors related to progression of HIV infection are HIV RNA [4,30,32,33] and clinical disease stage [16,17,29].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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ObjectiveThe effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) in preventing pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected people is a subject of debate. We reviewed the clinical evidence for recommending PPV-23 for use in HIV-infected patients. MethodsA systematic search of peer-reviewed publications (EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed/ BioMed Central), the Internet and grey literature was conducted. Three hundred and eighteen documents were reviewed. Studies reporting risk estimates for all-cause pneumonia, allpneumococcal disease, and/or invasive pneumococcal disease after PPV-23 immunization in HIV-infected adults were included. ResultsWe identified one randomized trial and 15 observational studies. While the randomized trial found a 60% increased risk of all-cause pneumonia among vaccinees, 11 of the 15 observational studies found various degrees of disease protection associated with PPV-23 immunization. However, most studies suffered from limited confounder control in their multivariate analyses, despite study data suggesting substantial differences between the characteristics of exposed and unexposed individuals. ConclusionsThe current clinical evidence provides only moderate support for PPV-23 immunization of HIVinfected adults. More data are needed on the efficacy of newer conjugated pneumococcal vaccines, which may be more immunogenic and could potentially replace PPV-23 in the future.

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Section: Risk Factors For Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other risk factors related to progression of HIV infection are HIV RNA [4,30,32,33] and clinical disease stage [16,17,29].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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show abstract

“…Briefly, the incidence of pneumococcal disease is 20-80 times increased in HIV-infected adults. This excess of infection is found at all stages of HIV infection, albeit to a greater degree in late infection [50]. In particular, a selective increase in invasive pneumococcal disease occurs before classical opportunist infections occur.…”

Section: Hiv Pneumococcal Infections and Alveolar Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Respiratory infections: Proceedings of the Eighth Liverpool Tropical School Bayer Symposium of Microbial Disease held on 3 February 2001

Cant

Gordon

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et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Pneumococcal disease is an important cause of HIV-related morbidity and mortality in African populations. 59 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ''generally recommend'' PPV for HIV-infected persons, 60 although the evidence of efficacy in this group comes from observational studies in the United States, [61][62][63] not randomized controlled trials. Interestingly, one of these studies found reduced vaccine effectiveness in African Americans for reasons that were not clear.…”

Section: Preventing Pneumococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in African countries.

Grant

Kaplan²,

Cock³

2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Invasive pneumococcal disease in a cohort of predominantly HIV-1 infected female sex-workers in Nairobi, Kenya

Cited by 182 publications

References 19 publications

The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review

The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review

Respiratory infections: Proceedings of the Eighth Liverpool Tropical School Bayer Symposium of Microbial Disease held on 3 February 2001

Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in African countries.

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