Invasive Meningococcal Disease in North Batina, Oman in 2023. A Case Study

Abstract

Invasive Meningococcal Disease is a severe bacterial infection with a high fatality rate particularly in young children. It is caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria which colonizes the nasopharynx. The transmission is by direct contact with droplets or discharge from an infected person or a carrier. Invasive meningococcal disease commonly presents as meningitis or meningococcemia. Acute meningococcemia progresses rapidly with a characteristic purpuric rash. Confirmation of the disease is through isolating the bacteria from sterile body fluids (CSF, blood). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Recognizing purpuric rash as a late symptom of meningococcemia is important. Vaccination remains remains the best prevention. In this case study we present the details of a 12-year-old Omani child with rapidly progressive fulminant meningococcemia, leading to death.