Invasive <i>Candida</i> infection: epidemiology, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an evolving disease and the role of rezafungin

Oliva, Alessandra; Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe De; Mikulska, Małgorzata; Pea, Federico; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Tascini, Carlo; Venditti, Mario

doi:10.1080/14787210.2023.2240956

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…To date, candidal infections are the most prevalent fungal disease particularly in hospitalized severely compromised patients [1,2]. The mortality rate of candidal infections is ~40%, with the rate of candidal bloodstream infections having increased about 487% over last decade [2][3][4][5]. In the U.S.A. alone, Candida species are the fourth most common bloodstream pathogens, accounting for 8% of all hospital-acquired bloodstream infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of Candida albicans to fibrin-clot matrices in a rat model for type 2 diabetes

Balbina J. Plotkin,

Monika I. Konaklieva

2024

World J. Bio. Pharm. Health Sci.

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Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for the development of infective endocarditis and septic thrombosis. Adherence to fibrin clot matrices by Candida albicans is the initial step in initiation of the infective processes. Clots made from lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat plasma were used to measure adherence of yeast grown at environmental temperature and human body temperature. Adherence to clots by C. albicans was influenced both by source of plasma and temperature of yeast growth. Amphotericin B was effective in diminishing the candidal binding to lean but not obese clots. The degree of fungal surface hydrophobicity did not correlate with adherence to clots. However, Candida adherence to clots from both lean and obese Zucker rats was inhibited by the pretreatment of cells with mannose. These findings indicate that treatment of thrombi-associated candidal infections with ergosterol-targeting drugs e.g., amphotericin B alone in hypercholesterolemic individuals may have decreased clinically efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of Candida albicans to fibrin-clot matrices in a rat model for type 2 diabetes

Balbina J. Plotkin,

Monika I. Konaklieva

2024

World J. Bio. Pharm. Health Sci.

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“…4 The arsenal of antifungal agents comprises several classes of drugs that are selected depending on the type and site of infections and, most of all, considering the sensitivity of the fungal strain to the treatment. Polyenes (e.g., amphotericin B (AMP B (1), Figure 1)), azoles (e.g., triazoles: fluconazole (FLZ, 2), voriconazole (VRC, 3) itraconazole (ITC, 4), Posaconazole (PCZ, 5) Figure 1), echinocandins (e.g., caspofungin (6), micafungin (7) Figure 1), nucleoside analogs (e.g., flucytosine (8), and allylamines (e.g., Terbinafine (9) Figure 1) are the first-line treatment for antifungal infections, with different mechanisms of action on cellular targets. 5 Furthermore, aminoglycosides 6 (e.g., K20 (10), Figure 1) and ciclopirox 7 (11, Figure 1) showed broad-spectrum antifungal properties.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In addition, their prolonged use triggers the occurrence of drug-resistance. 9 In order to minimize toxicity and resistance phenomena, various formulations (e.g., liposomes, colloidal dispersions, nanospheres and β-cyclodextrins) as well as different regimes of combinatorial therapies have been implemented.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First-in-Class Pyrazole-isoxazole Enhanced Antifungal Activity of Voriconazole: Synergy Studies in an Azole-Resistant Candida albicans Strain, Computational Investigation and in Vivo Validation in a Galleria mellonella Fungal Infection Model

Pelliccia,

Russomanno,

Barone

et al. 2024

J. Med. Chem.

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The widespread and irrational use of azole antifungal agents has led to an increase of azole-resistant Candida albicans strains with an urgent need for combination drug therapy, enhancing the treatment efficacy. Here, we report the discovery of a first-in-class pyrazole-isoxazole, namely, 5b, that showed remarkable growth inhibition against the C. albicans ATCC 10231 strain in combination with voriconazole, acting as a downregulator of ERG 11 (Cyp51) gene expression with a significant reduction of the yeast-to-hypha morphological transition. Furthermore, C. albicans CYP51 enzyme assay and in-depth molecular docking studies unveiled the unique ability of the combination of 5b and voriconazole to completely fill the CYP51 binding sites. In vivo studies using a Galleria mellonella model confirmed the previously in vitro observed synergistic effect of 5b with voriconazole. Also considering its biocompatibility in a cellular model of human keratinocytes, these results indicate that 5b represents a promising compound for a further optimization campaign.

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“…Meyerozyma guilliermondii). Although Candida is one of the most commonly found species in the normal human microbiota, it can become an opportunistic pathogen in the presence of risk factors [20,21]. The spectrum of candidiasis is broad, ranging from cutaneous to systemic candidiasis [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Repertoire of the Less Common Clinical Yeasts

Menu,

Filori,

Dufour

et al. 2023

JoF

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Invasive fungal diseases are a public health problem. They affect a constantly increasing number of at-risk patients, and their incidence has risen in recent years. These opportunistic infections are mainly due to Candida sp. but less common or rare yeast infections should not be underestimated. These so-called “less common” yeasts include Ascomycota of the genera Candida (excluding the five major Candida species), Magnusiomyces/Saprochaete, Malassezia, and Saccharomyces, and Basidiomycota of the genera Cryptococcus (excluding the Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii complex members), Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the less common yeasts isolated in humans, (ii) provide details regarding the specific anatomical locations where they have been detected and the clinical characteristics of the resulting infections, and (iii) provide an update on yeast taxonomy. Of the total of 239,890 fungal taxa and their associated synonyms sourced from the MycoBank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we successfully identified 192 yeasts, including 127 Ascomycota and 65 Basidiomycota. This repertoire allows us to highlight rare yeasts and their tropism for certain anatomical sites and will provide an additional tool for diagnostic management.

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Invasive Candida infection: epidemiology, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an evolving disease and the role of rezafungin

Cited by 10 publications

References 189 publications

Adherence of Candida albicans to fibrin-clot matrices in a rat model for type 2 diabetes

Adherence of Candida albicans to fibrin-clot matrices in a rat model for type 2 diabetes

A First-in-Class Pyrazole-isoxazole Enhanced Antifungal Activity of Voriconazole: Synergy Studies in an Azole-Resistant Candida albicans Strain, Computational Investigation and in Vivo Validation in a Galleria mellonella Fungal Infection Model

A Repertoire of the Less Common Clinical Yeasts

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