Invasive host caught up with a native parasitoid: field data reveal high parasitism of Harmonia axyridis by Dinocampus coccinellae in Central Europe

Knapp, Michal; Řeřicha, Michal; Maršíková, Sarah; Harabiš, Filip; Kadlec, Tomáš; Nedvěd, Oldřich; Teder, Tiit

doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02027-4

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We confirm these results regarding the native strain but we also found the same differential pattern for the GHA strain of B. bassiana , whereas in the earlier study this strain was reported to be pathogenic to neither ladybird species 37 . It is perhaps surprising that we detect the GHA strain to be pathogenic to native ladybirds in contrast to the previous results, but ladybird populations may become more susceptible over time for various reasons and natural enemies also become better adapted 20 . We note that differential susceptibility has also been reported for entomopathogenic nematodes—again, Ha.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the mechanism fostering low susceptibility of Ha. axyridis to entomopathogenic fungi 20,37 is not compromised by infection with He. virescens .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Independent studies show that natural enemies of native ladybirds have recently employed Ha. axyridis as a new host, sometimes simultaneously 16,17,19,20 . Review of the effects of parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids of Ha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

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Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. 19 Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using Ha. axyridis as a new host. However, thus 20 far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infections of multiple 21 natural enemies on Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic 22 fungus Hesperomyces virescens on a ladybird weaken the host's defenses, thereby making it 23 2 more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North 24 American-native Olla v-nigrum and Ha. axyridis co-infected with He. virescens and an 25 entomopathogenic fungus-either Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae. Laboratory 26 assays revealed that He. virescens-infected O. v-nigrum individuals are more susceptible to 27 entomopathogenic fungi, but Ha. axyridis does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with 28 the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas 29 experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. 30 Considering our results, we can ask how He. virescens affects survival when confronted by other 31 pathogens that previously had little impact on Ha. axyridis. 32 33In nature and in agricultural ecosystems, hosts may be exploited by more than one natural 34 enemy. These organisms interact with each other and with their hosts 1 . These complex 35 interactions shape the population structure and dynamics of all organisms in the system. Natural 36 enemies also compete with one another, and the impact on the host can be either synergistic, 37 additive, or antagonistic 2 . These interactions can be manifested in various aspects of host fitness 38 or mortality. For example, biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae), an 39 important pest of fruit and berry crops, can be improved by treatments combining multiple 40 natural enemies, which have an additive effect 3 . At the same time, dual infections (even if 41 causing an increase in host mortality) may be deleterious to one or both pathogens in terms of 42 pathogen growth, fecundity, or other fitness parameters.43 44Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), native to eastern Asia, has rapidly increased its 45 global range and is now present on all continents except Antarctica 4,5,6 . Even though it has 46 repeatedly been introduced for its beneficial properties as a biological control agent against aphid 47 pests, its negative effects on native ladybird communities in invaded areas 7,8,9 and on food 48 production 7 have raised serious concerns since the early 2000s 4 . It is now a model organism for 49 studying invasive alien species 10,11 and it has been listed in Europe as "one of the worst" invasive 50 species 12 . Harmonia axyridis is often reported as host to several natural enemies. These include 51 parasites (Hesperomyces virescens, Coccipolipus hippodamiae, Parasitylenchus bifurcatus), 52 parasitoids (phorid and tachinid...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the mechanism fostering low susceptibility of Ha. axyridis to entomopathogenic fungi 20,37 is not compromised by infection with He. virescens .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

Haelewaters

Hiller

Kemp

et al. 2020

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“…Independent studies show that natural enemies of native ladybirds have recently employed Ha. axyridis as a new host, sometimes simultaneously (Raak-van den Berg et al, 2014;Ceryngier et al 2018;Knapp et al, 2019). Review of the effects of parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids of Ha.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi (v0.1)"

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“…Independent studies show that natural enemies of native ladybirds have recently employed Ha. axyridis as a new host, sometimes simultaneously ( Raak-van den Berg et al, 2014 ; Haelewaters et al, 2017 ; Ceryngier et al, 2018 ; Knapp et al, 2019 ). Review of the effects of parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids of Ha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

Haelewaters

Hiller

Kemp

et al. 2020

PeerJ

Self Cite

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Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using Ha. axyridis as a new host. However, thus far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infection by multiple natural enemies on Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens on a ladybird weaken the host’s defenses, thereby making it more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North American-native Olla v-nigrum and Ha. axyridis co-infected with He. virescens and an entomopathogenic fungus—either Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium brunneum. Laboratory assays revealed that He. virescens-infected O. v-nigrum individuals are more susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but Ha. axyridis does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. Considering our results, we can ask how He. virescens affects survival when confronted by other pathogens that previously had little impact on Ha. axyridis.

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Invasive host caught up with a native parasitoid: field data reveal high parasitism of Harmonia axyridis by Dinocampus coccinellae in Central Europe

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

Peer Review #1 of "Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi (v0.1)"

Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

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