Invasive growth of Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji and increase of nuclear number

Yasui, Mizuki; Oda, Kiyoshi; Masuo, Shunsuke; Hosoda, S; Katayama, Takuya; Maruyama, Jun‐ichi; Takaya, Naoki; Takeshita, Norio

doi:10.1186/s40694-020-00099-9

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(56 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In filamentous fungi, the regulation of cell cycle is distinct; for example, mitosis in A. gossypii is asynchronized, but it is synchronized in Aspergillus spp. ( Gladfelter, 2006 ; Yasui et al, 2020 ). Although biochemical analysis to determine mRNA expression in total cell cultures have been widely performed, only a few cell biological investigations of mRNA localization have been reported in filamentous fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule FISH Reveals Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase and Actin mRNAs in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

Higuchi

Takegawa

2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The machinery for mRNA localization is one of crucial molecular structures allowing cellular spatiotemporal organization of protein synthesis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying mRNA localization have been thoroughly investigated in unicellular organisms, little is known about multicellular and multinuclear filamentous fungi. Here, we conducted single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to first visualize the mRNA molecules of α-amylase, which are encoded by amyB , and which are thought to be abundantly secreted from the hyphal tips of the industrially important fungus Aspergillus oryzae . Consistent with previous biochemical studies, fluorescein amidite (FAM) fluorescence derived from amyB expression was observed in A. oryzae hyphae cultured in a minimal medium containing maltose instead of glucose as the sole carbon source. Moreover, after more than 1 h incubation with fresh maltose-containing medium, the fluorescence of amyB mRNAs was observed throughout the cells, suggesting α-amylase secretion potentially from each cell, instead of the hyphal tip only. Furthermore, in cultures with complete medium containing maltose, amyB mRNAs were excluded from the tip regions, where no nuclei exist. In contrast, mRNAs of actin, encoded by actA , were localized mainly to the tip, where actin proteins also preferentially reside. Collectively, our smFISH analyses revealed distinct localization patterns of α-amylase and actin mRNAs in A. oryzae hyphal cells.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule FISH Reveals Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase and Actin mRNAs in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

Higuchi

Takegawa

2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the same way, we tested Aspergillus oryzae , which is an important species for traditional food fermentation and modern biotechnology ( 33 ). We used a strain in which histone H2B is fused with GFP ( 34 ). Again, all observed hyphae went into the channels, passed through, and continued to grow after emerging from the other end without decreased growth rates (84 ± 37 μm/h, n = 30) ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no significant difference in the hyphal widths between before entering and after exiting the channels except with A. oryzae . It is known that A. oryzae increases hyphal width as cultivation time passes ( 34 ). Since the widths in mature hyphae of N. crassa are known to be over 10 μm, the hyphae we observed under this condition were considered young hyphae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between Plasticity and Velocity in Mycelial Growth

Fukuda

Yamamoto

Yanagisawa

et al. 2021

mBio

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tip-growing fungal cells maintain cell polarity at the apical regions and elongate by de novo synthesis of the cell wall. Cell polarity and tip growth rate affect mycelial morphology. However, it remains unclear how both features act cooperatively to determine cell shape. Here, we investigated this relationship by analyzing hyphal tip growth of filamentous fungi growing inside extremely narrow 1 μm-width channels of microfluidic devices. Since the channels are much narrower than the diameter of hyphae, any hypha growing through the channel must adapt its morphology. Live-cell imaging analyses revealed that hyphae of some species continued growing through the channels, whereas hyphae of other species often ceased growing when passing through the channels, or had lost apical polarity after emerging from the other end of the channel. Fluorescence live-cell imaging analyses of the Spitzenkörper, a collection of secretory vesicles and polarity-related proteins at the hyphal tip, in Neurospora crassa indicates that hyphal tip growth requires a very delicate balance of ordered exocytosis to maintain polarity in spatially confined environments. We analyzed the mycelial growth of seven fungal species from different lineages, including phytopathogenic fungi. This comparative approach revealed that the growth defects induced by the channels were not correlated with their taxonomic classification or with the width of hyphae, but, rather, correlated with the hyphal elongation rate. This report indicates a trade-off between morphological plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth and serves to help understand fungal invasive growth into substrates or plant/animal cells, with direct impact on fungal biotechnology, ecology, and pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Cell morphology, which is controlled by polarity and growth, is fundamental for all cellular functions. However how polarity and growth act cooperatively to control cell shape remains unclear. Here we investigated their relationship by analyzing hyphal tip growth of filamentous fungi growing inside extremely narrow 1 μm-width channels of microfluidic devices. We found that most fast growing hyphae often lost the cell polarity after emerging from the channels, whereas slow growing hyphae retained polarity and continued growing, indicating a trade-off between plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth. These results serve to understand fungal invasive growth into substrates or plant/animal cells, with direct impact on fungal biotechnology, ecology and pathogenicity.

show abstract

“…We used a strain in which histone H2B is fused with GFP (34). Again, all observed hyphae went into the channels, passed through there and continued to grow without growth rate decrease…”

Section: A Nidulans and A Oryzae But Not N Crassa Hyphae Grow Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth

Fukuda

Yamamoto

Yanagisawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tip-growing fungal cells maintain the cell polarity at the apical regions and elongate by de novo synthesis of cell wall. Cell polarity and growth rate affect the mycelial morphogenesis, however, it remains unclear how they act cooperatively to determine cell shape. Here we investigated their relationship by analyzing hyphal tip growth of filamentous fungi growing inside extremely narrow 1µm-width channels of microfluidic devices. Since the channels are much narrower than the diameter of hyphae, the hyphae must change its morphology when they grow through the channels. Live imaging analysis revealed that hyphae of some species continued growing through the channels, whereas hyphae of other species often ceased growing when passing through the channels or lost the cell polarity after emerging from the channels. Fluorescence live imaging analysis of the Spitzenkörper, a collection of secretory vesicles and polarity-related proteins at hyphal tips, in Neurospora crassa hyphae indicates that hyphal tip growth requires a very delicate balance of ordered exocytosis to maintain polarity in spatially confined environments. We analyzed the mycelial growth of seven fungal species from different lineages, which also include phytopathogenic fungi. This comparative cell biology showed that the growth defects in the channels were not correlated with their taxonomic classification nor with the width of hyphae, but, correlated with the hyphal elongation rate. This is the first report indicating a trade-off between plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth, and serves to understand fungal invasive growth into substrates or plant/animal cells, with direct impact on fungal biotechnology, ecology and pathogenicity.

show abstract

Invasive growth of Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji and increase of nuclear number

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Single-Molecule FISH Reveals Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase and Actin mRNAs in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

Single-Molecule FISH Reveals Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase and Actin mRNAs in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

Trade-off between Plasticity and Velocity in Mycelial Growth

Trade-off between plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About