Invasive group B streptococcal disease in children beyond early infancy

Hussain, Shazia M.; Luedtke, Gary S.; Baker, Carol J.; Schlievert, Patrick M.; Leggiadro, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199504000-00006

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The majority of LLOS GBS sepsis occurs in preterm infants at an age when the immune system is more mature; thus, mortality due to LLOS GBS sepsis is much lower than that presenting at earlier ages (220,509). Infants may have persistent colonization from birth or may acquire the organism through nosocomial routes.…”

Section: Gram-positive Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

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Twenty percent of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) preterm infants experience a serious systemic infection, and despite advances in neonatal intensive care and antimicrobials, mortality is as much as threefold higher for these infants who develop sepsis than their counterparts without sepsis during their hospitalization. Outcomes may be improved by preventative strategies, earlier and accurate diagnosis, and adjunct therapies to combat infection and protect the vulnerable preterm infant during an infection. Earlier diagnosis on the basis of factors such as abnormal heart rate characteristics may offer the ability to initiate treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Molecular and adjunctive diagnostics may also aid in diagnosing invasive infection when clinical symptoms indicate infection but no organisms are isolated in culture. Due to the high morbidity and mortality, preventative and adjunctive therapies are needed. Prophylaxis has been effective in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and late-onset Candida sepsis. Future research in prophylaxis using active and passive immunization strategies offers prevention without the risk of resistance to antimicrobials. Identification of the differences in neonatal intensive care units with low and high infection rates and implementation of infection control measures remain paramount in each neonatal intensive care unit caring for preterm infants

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Section: Gram-positive Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

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“…Other beta-hemolytic streptococci, including group B, C, and G strains, also have the ability to cause serious human illnesses, including streptococcal TSS with or without necrotizing fasciitis and myositis (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Additionally, group B streptococci are well known to cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis, and group C and G strains cause pharyngitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigen Exotoxins

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY This review begins with a discussion of the large family of Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcal pyrogenic toxin T lymphocyte superantigens from structural and immunobiological perspectives. With this as background, the review then discusses the major known and possible human disease associations with superantigens, including associations with toxic shock syndromes, atopic dermatitis, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and autoimmune sequelae to streptococcal illnesses. Finally, the review addresses current and possible novel strategies to prevent superantigen production and passive and active immunization strategies.

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“…Over the last decade, the burden of invasive GBS disease in immunocompromised children and adults has also been increasing (24). In adults, common predisposing conditions for severe GBS infection and sepsis include malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, trauma, and older age (6,8,18). The mortality of invasive GBS disease in both newborns and adults remains high despite advances in intensive care and the susceptibility of the pathogen to penicillin (4,18,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival of Group BStreptococcusType III in Mononuclear Phagocytes: Differential Regulation of Bacterial Killing in Cord Macrophages by Human Recombinant Gamma Interferon and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

2000

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Phagocytic and killing capacities of resident and cytokine-activated human macrophages against group B Streptococcus (GBS) type III were studied. Evidence is presented that monocyte-derived macrophages from cord and adults ingest serum-opsonized GBS but that killing of bacteria was negligible in resident cells. Treatment of adult macrophages with recombinant human gamma interferon (rhIFN-␥; 100 U/ml) or recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF; 200 U/ml) resulted in significant increases of killing of GBS (P < 0.01 for each). The killing capacity of cord macrophages treated with rhGM-CSF was also enhanced compared to that of untreated cells (P < 0.01). However, treatment with rhIFN-␥ resulted in only a moderate increase in the capacity of cord macrophages to kill GBS (P > 0.1). These results mirrored the effect of rhIFN-␥ on candidacidal capacities of cord and adult macrophages, reported earlier from our laboratory. These data indicate differential modulation of neonatal macrophages by rhGM-CSF and rhIFN-␥. We suggest that administration of rhGM-CSF to neonates with invasive GBS disease may enhance host resistance to these bacteria.Group B streptococci (GBS) are the most common cause of deep-seated bacterial infection and sepsis in neonates (4,20). Over the last decade, the burden of invasive GBS disease in immunocompromised children and adults has also been increasing (24). In adults, common predisposing conditions for severe GBS infection and sepsis include malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, trauma, and older age (6,8,18). The mortality of invasive GBS disease in both newborns and adults remains high despite advances in intensive care and the susceptibility of the pathogen to penicillin (4,18,20).The propensity of GBS to cause invasive neonatal infections might be related to inappropriate opsonization due to the lack of maternally derived, type-specific antibodies (20). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes play a key role in phagocytosis and eventual killing of streptococci and other extracellular pathogens. We reported earlier that a clinical isolate of GBS type III was rapidly ingested and killed by cord and adult granulocytes in the presence of serum opsonins (13). In contrast to what is found for granulocytes, the capacity of cord monocytes to kill GBS was decreased compared to that of adult blood monocytes (13). To gain more insight into the newborn's ability to resist infection by GBS, we studied various interactions between these bacteria and monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from the cord. Experiments were performed to study the effect of recombinant human gamma interferon (rhIFN-␥) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on phagocytosis and the bactericidal capacities of cord and adult macrophages. We show here that cord macrophages efficiently phagocytose serum-opsonized GBS but that the ingested bacteria survive inside the cells. Bacterial killing was augmented b...

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Invasive group B streptococcal disease in children beyond early infancy

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigen Exotoxins

Survival of Group BStreptococcusType III in Mononuclear Phagocytes: Differential Regulation of Bacterial Killing in Cord Macrophages by Human Recombinant Gamma Interferon and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

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