Invasive Chromobacterium violaceum Infection in Children

Sirinavin, Sayomporn; Techasaensiri, Chonnamet; Benjaponpitak, Suwat; Pornkul, Rattanaporn; Vorachit, Malai

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000164761.81491.3f

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Prolonged antimicrobial treatment for six weeks is recommended in Chromobacterium infection, as relapse of the disease has been documented and postulated to be due to the presence of internal organ abscesses [14]. Our patient did not develop any complications due to institution of early and proper antibiotic regimen.…”

Section: Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum Abstractmentioning

confidence: 77%

Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum

Swain¹

2014

JCDR

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A 19-year-male attended the outpatient department of IMS and SUM hospital, Bhubaneswar, India in Septmber, 2013 with chief complaints of burning micturation, fever with chills since seven days and pain in lower abdomen for three days. He had no past history of similar symptoms or any significant ailments. Abdominal examination revealed mild supra pubic tenderness. He was empirically treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary tract infection after advising necessary investigations. Laboratory findings showed a raised total leucocyte count (21,000/cmm) with relative neutrophilia (86%). Routine examination of urine showed albuminuria along with 8-10 pus cells per high power field with bacteriuria and occasional granular cast. Clean catch midstream urine sample plated on CLED medium revealed significant (>10 5 CFU/ml) growth of single type of colonies of 2-3 mm diameter producing violet non-diffusible pigment [Table/ Fig-1] after overnight aerobic incubation at 37°C. These organisms were gram negative, motile bacilli, catalase and oxidase positive, fermented glucose with production of acid without any gas. The bacterium was indole negative, non lactose fermenter on TSI media, utilized citrate, reduced nitrate, fermented mannitol and decarboxylated arginine. When incubated overnight anaerobically; there was no pigment formation which appeared after placing the plate for few hours under aerobic conditions. With these biochemical characters and pigment production it was identified as Chromobacterium violaceum. This was further confirmed by Vitek-2 system (BioMerieux, France) using GN card. Antibiogram Fig-2]. The organism was found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and cefotaxime and resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The initial antibiotic was changed to ciprofloxacin as per the sensitivity report and continued for one week. Due to propensity of the organism to develop septicemia, blood culture was done which did not yield any growth. Other tests like that for HIV, HBsAg, diabetes screening were negative. After seven days of antibiotic treatment there was a marked clinical improvement and repeated urine examination did not show any significant finding.

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Section: Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum Abstractmentioning

confidence: 77%

Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum

Swain¹

2014

JCDR

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“…There have been reports that C. violaceum septicemia occurs more commonly in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, neutrophil dysfunction, and severe polymorphonuclear G6PD deficiency [15,16]. In these conditions, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes lack the ability to produce oxygen metabolites required to kill phagocytised bacteria [17], which renders the patient susceptible to develop septicemia and dissemination of infection to multiple organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Karthik

Pancharatnam

Veeraraghavan

2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen that causes potentially fatal infections especially in the tropical regions. Limited awareness about this pathogen and inappropriate antibiotic therapy are some of the factors contributing to the high mortality rate. To date there have been only eight cases reported from India of which only one is an adult. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of a 40-year-old man from South India with septicemic C. Violaceum infection and septic arthritis.

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“…It is thought to usually confer severe disease with poor outcomes when isolated. 3 The best antimicrobial therapy has not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are also present in fresh water, including the drinking water of some countries. [1][2][3][4] These organisms can cause a variety of illnesses, including severe skin and soft tissue infections, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia: V. vulnificus 5 and Shewanella spp. 1 are particularly associated with severe fulminant disease, especially in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying liver disease, and Aeromonas has been recognized as an important cause of infections in the aftermath of natural disasters, such as tsunamis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Frequency, Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Chromobacterium violaceum, and Shewanella spp. in the Northern Territory of Australia, 2000–2013

McAuliffe¹,

Hennessy²,

Baird³

2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Shewanella (VACS) are water-associated Gramnegative organisms that can cause a variety of infections. The frequency, patient characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibilities for 468 isolates from 442 patients from the Northern Territory were reviewed. Aeromonas spp. (312 of 468; 67%) were most commonly isolated followed by Vibrio spp. (71 of 468; 15%), Shewanella spp. (61 of 468; 13%), and C. violaceum (24 of 468; 5%). A strong male predominance was found (male to female ratio of 2.3:1). Skin and soft tissue isolations (373 of 468; 80%) from lower limb infections (222 of 371; 60%) were the most common clinical manifestation. The episodes were usually polymicrobial (281 of 468; 60%). Coisolates included Staphylococcus aureus (137 of 468; 29%), β-hemolytic streptococci (74 of 468; 16%), enterobacteriaceae (111 of 468; 24%), non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (35 of 468; 7%), and other VACS organisms (37 of 468; 8%). Antimicrobial resistance of VACS organisms to ciprofloxacin (0-4%), cefepime (0-3%), and gentamicin (0-0.8%) and Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Shewanella to cotrimoxazole (0-3%) was rarely shown. For water-associated lower limb skin and soft tissue infections in the tropics, clinicians should consider empirical antimicrobial therapy with agents active against S. aureus and VACS organisms.

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Invasive Chromobacterium violaceum Infection in Children

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum

Urinary Tract Infection By Chromobacterium Violaceum

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Relative Frequency, Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Chromobacterium violaceum, and Shewanella spp. in the Northern Territory of Australia, 2000–2013

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