Invasive Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in California Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems

Seybold, Steven J.; Penrose, Richard L.; Graves, Andrew D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24744-1_21

Cited by 40 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…For example, the preference of wasps in the Ichneumonidae for high humidity coincides with their niches in forest habitats, whereas the preference of wasps in the Braconidae for low humidity coincides with their niches in more open agricultural settings. Pityophthorus juglandis colonizes declining or dying walnut trees that are probably under high-or low-moisture stress [4]. This might explain the decline in flight with increasing humidity for P. juglandis in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an invasive pest that is native to the southwestern USA and Mexico [1,2]. It has expanded its distribution and occurs in nine western and seven eastern states in the USA [3][4][5][6] and in northern and central Italy [7][8][9]. Together with its symbiotic fungus, Geosmithia morbida M. Kolařík, E. Freeland, C. Utley, and N. Tisserat sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Response variable transformed ln(y+1) 3. Lag 1: Catch of P. juglandis during the preceding week; Lag 2: Catch of P. juglandis during the week at two weeks preceding the current week 4. Males + females.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

Chen

Aukema

Seybold

2020

Insects

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The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week's catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of P. juglandis increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

Chen

Aukema

Seybold

2020

Insects

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“…The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), Euwallacea sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, sensu Bright, ) (Coleman et al ., ), was discovered on 30 May 2003 in Whittier Narrows Recreational Area, near South El Monte, Los Angeles County, California, USA (Seybold et al ., ), and as of 2016 has spread to 4 neighboring or nearby counties (Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura). PSHB in California was first reported erroneously as tea shot hole borer (TSHB), Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), but subsequent sequencing of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA indicated that the introduced population in California was likely a separate species (Eskalen et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of two invasive ambrosia beetles (Euwallacea spp.) in the United States

et al. 2016

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The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), Euwallacea sp., was first detected in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Recently, this invasive species has become a major pest of many hardwood trees in urban and wildland forests throughout southern California. PSHB is nearly identical in morphology and life history to the tea shot hole borer (TSHB), Euwallacea fornicatus, an invasive pest of hardwoods in Florida, USA and many other parts of the world. However, molecular studies have suggested that the taxa are different species. We conducted morphometric and chemical analyses of the phenotypes of Euwallacea sp. collected in southern California (Los Angeles County) and E. fornicatus collected in Florida (Miami-Dade County). Our analyses indicated that PSHB has 3 larval instars. The third larval instar was separated from the first 2 instars by head capsule width with 0 probability of misclassification. The body length, head width, and pronotal width of PSHB adult males were significantly less than those of females. Head width and pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly less than those of female TSHB. In contrast, body length, and ratio of body length to pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly greater than those of female TSHB. However, females of these 2 species could not be separated completely by these 4 measurements because of the overlapping ranges. Cuticular hydrocarbons detected in both species were exclusively alkanes (i.e., n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and trimethylalkanes). Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of PSHB males and females were similar, but they both differed from that of TSHB females. Cuticular hydrocarbons of PSHB were predominantly internally branched dimethylalkanes with backbones of 31 and 33 carbons, whereas cuticular hydrocarbons of TSHB females were dominated by internally branched monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with backbones of 28 and 29 carbons. Multiple compounds within these classes appear to be diagnostic for PSHB and TSHB, respectively.

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“…The great spruce bark beetle expanded its Eurasian range historically, and outbreaks have been observed in recent decades at the margins of its distribution (Grégoire ). Research is especially needed in systems where native and invasive beetle species could infest historically novel hosts and habitats (Seybold, Penrose & Graves ) (Q7). In management planning, hazard rating systems are used to quantify risk factors for bark beetle outbreaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing bark beetle impacts on ecosystems and society: priority questions to motivate future research

Morris

Cottrell

Fettig

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary Recent bark beetle outbreaks in North America and Europe have impacted forested landscapes and the provisioning of critical ecosystem services. The scale and intensity of many recent outbreaks are widely believed to be unprecedented. The effects of bark beetle outbreaks on ecosystems are often measured in terms of area affected, host tree mortality rates, and alterations to forest structure and composition. Impacts to human systems focus on changes in property valuation, infrastructure damage from falling trees, landscape aesthetics, and the quality and quantity of timber and water resources. To advance our understanding of bark beetle impacts, we assembled a team of ecologists, land managers and social scientists to participate in a research prioritization workshop. Synthesis and applications. We identified 25 key questions by using an established methodology to identify priorities for research into the impacts of bark beetles. Our efforts emphasize the need to improve outbreak monitoring and detection, educate the public on the ecological role of bark beetles, and develop integrated metrics that facilitate comparison of ecosystem services across sites.

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Invasive Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in California Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems

Cited by 40 publications

References 119 publications

The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of two invasive ambrosia beetles (Euwallacea spp.) in the United States

Managing bark beetle impacts on ecosystems and society: priority questions to motivate future research

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