Invasive aquatic macrophytes of Ukraine

Abstract

Natural and historical reasons, mechanisms of expansion as well as ecological and coenotic peculiarities of model alien aquatic macrophytes such as Azolla cristata, A. filiculoides, Elodea canadensis, E. nuttallii, Vallisneria spiralis, Egeria densa, Pistia stratiotes, Phragmites altissimus and Zizania latifolia in Ukraine's reservoirs are discussed. It is established that at present Pistia stratiotes and Egeria densa are the most dangerous for hydrotopes. The mentioned species have wide ecological ranges and high invasive potential. The increasing human impact on reservoirs combined with climate condition changes will promote their expansion in the reservoirs of Ukraine and disturbance of hydroregime and, consequently, degradation of native vegetation. Nature component influence of phytoinvasive species at the specific, coenotic and ecosystem levels has been revealed. Within the European strategy and necessity of warning and control of invasive alien species (European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species, 2004), a special integral program on threat assessment of phytoinvasive species impact on phytodiversity of Ukraine's reservoirs has been drafted. The preventive measures of counteraction and priority directions for its pursuance have been also suggested. As for abidance of ecological safety rules under growing of higher aquatic plants in aquarium and pool culture, caution must be taken.

New floristic records in Kyiv City and its environs

“…Наводимо цей таксон як самостійний вид (Tikhomirov, 2021), хоча його систематика і номенклатура (зокрема, правильні назви в ранзі виду або підвиду) лишаються проблематичними і потребують подальших досліджень. В Україні на півдні Степової зони він, імовірно, є природним, але нині вже розповсюдився як адвентивний у більшості регіонів (Kuz, Starovoitova, 2014;Zvyagintseva, 2015;Dubyna et al, 2017;Bezsmertna et al, 2022;Orlov et al, 2022). У м. Київ (а також і в Україні в цілому) P. altissimus уперше було виявлено у 2011 р. на Оболоні, на березі оз.…”

A City as a Source of Introduction for Tropical Alien Species (Egeria Densa Planch., Pistia Stratiotes L. & Eichornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Natural Ecosystems with a Temperate Climate

“…Pistia stratiotes were detected in Ukraine back in the 80s of the last century, however, they did not pose a particular threat because they freezing in winter (Dubyna et al (2017). The development of local populations of the species was observed from time to time in decorative urban bodies of water (Odessa -2005, Kyiv -2009 (Lushpa 2009), they successfully overwintered and spread the following year.…”

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“…Thus, all confirmed locations of Elodea nuttallii within Ukraine are located in the Forest (Kyiv city) and the Forest-Steppe (Kyiv, Poltava and Cherkasy regions) nature zones. For the Steppe Zone, only one record from the mouth of the Danube River (Dubyna et al, 2017) was reported. A recent record of E. nuttallii in Sevastopol, Crimea was published (Svirin et al, 2021).…”

“…5 of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al, 2021); besides, Elodea densa has previously never been found in the Lower Dnipro River. Dubyna with coauthors (2017) mentioned for Ukraine three associations (Polygono-Potametum natantis Soó 1957, Potametum lucentis Hueck 1931 and Potametum crispi Soó 1927) with E. nuttallii as an attendant species, and two syntaxa with E. nuttallii as a diagnostic and characteristic taxon -Elodeetum nuttallii Ciocorlan et al 1997and Ceratophyllo demersi-Elodeetum nuttallii Ciocorlan et al 1997(Dubyna et al, 2017. However, these two syntaxa described from Romania have not been listed in the Prodrome of the vegetation of Ukraine Thus, our results confirmed the distribution of the alien aquatic species Elodea nuttallii in the Lower Dnipro River (Kherson Region).…”