Invasion of the <scp>Q2</scp> mitochondrial variant of Mediterranean <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> in southern Italy: possible role of bacterial endosymbionts

Parrella, G.; Nappo, A. G.; Manco, Elena; Greco, Barbara; Giorgini, Massimo

doi:10.1002/ps.3686

Cited by 35 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…In our study, we found evidence for a low rate (5.6%) of co-infection with Arsenophonous and Cardinium in four B. tabaci species (MEAM1 was the exception since Arsenophonous was not detected in this species), which has also been reported before (Bing et al, 2013; Chu et al, 2011; Parrella et al, 2014; Zchori-Fein, Lahav & Freilich, 2014). However, the reason of so few rate of co-infection by Arsenophonous and Cardinium is that Arsenophonous and Cardinium are potential reproductive manipulators that compete for resources inside the bacteriocytes, thus compromising the fitness of host (Gottlieb et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Diversity and evolution of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci in China

Tang

Cai

Yuan³

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex, including members that are pests of global importance. This study presents a screening of B. tabaci species in China for infection by the primary endosymbiont, Portiera aleyrodidarum, and two secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus and Cardinium. The results showed that P. aleyrodidarum was detected in all B. tabaci individuals, while Arsenophonus was abundant in indigenous species of B. tabaci Asia II 1, Asia II 3, and China 1 but absent in the invasive species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1); Cardinium presented in the Mediterranean (MED), Asia II 1 and Asia II 3 species but was rarely detected in the MEAM1 and China 1 species. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the P. aleyrodidarum and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mtCO1) phylograms were similar and corresponding with the five distinct cryptic species clades to some extent, probably indicating an ancient infection followed by vertical transmission and subsequent co-evolutionary diversification. In contrast, the phylogenetic trees of Arsenophonus and Cardinium were incongruent with the mtCO1 phylogram, potentially indicating horizontal transmission in B. tabaci cryptic species complex. Taken together, our study showed the distinct infection status of endosymbionts in invasive and indigenous whiteflies; we also most likely indicated the co-evolution of primary endosymbiont and its host as well as the potential horizontal transfer of secondary endosymbionts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Diversity and evolution of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci in China

Tang

Cai

Yuan³

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…The same study also found that the two Q lineages coexist in Spain and France either separately or in sympatry with evidence for asymmetric gene flow between them. Interestingly, the two Q biotype lineages also seem to differ in endosymbiont composition [38, 50–52, 115]. It will be interesting to determine which of the two Q-like lineages has more potential for invasiveness outside their native Mediterranean range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study an invasive Q haplotype that invaded China grouped within the Q1 western lineage. In Italy a study showed that the Q2 mitochondrial type (Eastern Med) has invaded, possibly favored by the agroecological conditions of southern Italy, by the female-biased sex ratio or perhaps by endosymbionts acting as sex-ratio manipulators [115]. Results from another study suggested that at least the US invasion of the Q biotype stemmed from both the Western Q1 and the Eastern Q2 lineages [54], a result that can be supported based on knowledge of routes of ornamental and perhaps other kinds of traded plants that are hosts of B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tabaci [38, 50, 52, 126, 131–133] suggests that impacts of symbionts are common phenomenon in this insect. Furthermore, the influence of endosymbionts might be even more profound if populations are infected with different bacterial strains or species, as was found by a number of studies in populations of the Western Q1 and Eastern Q2 across the Mediterranean [50, 51, 115]. Several lines of evidence suggest that maternally inherited endosymbionts can have huge effects on mtDNA evolution, by either decreasing inter-population genetic diversity (with a symbiont-induced, selective sweep and mtDNA hitchhiking along) or by increasing diversity following fixation of different symbiont strains in different populations (which would show high haplotype differentiation, despite ongoing nuclear gene flow which would remain unchanged) [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Population Structure of a Worldwide Pest and Virus Vector: Genetic Diversity and Population History of the Bemisia tabaci Sibling Species Group

2016

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci sibling species (sibsp.) group comprises morphologically indiscernible lineages of well-known exemplars referred to as biotypes. It is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical latitudes and includes the contemporary invasive haplotypes, termed B and Q. Several well-studied B. tabaci biotypes exhibit ecological and biological diversity, however, most members are poorly studied or completely uncharacterized. Genetic studies have revealed substantial diversity within the group based on a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence (haplotypes), with other tested markers being less useful for deep phylogenetic comparisons. The view of global relationships within the B. tabaci sibsp. group is largely derived from this single marker, making assessment of gene flow and genetic structure difficult at the population level. Here, the population structure was explored for B. tabaci in a global context using nuclear data from variable microsatellite markers. Worldwide collections were examined representing most of the available diversity, including known monophagous, polyphagous, invasive, and indigenous haplotypes. Well-characterized biotypes and other related geographic lineages discovered represented highly differentiated genetic clusters with little or no evidence of gene flow. The invasive B and Q biotypes exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting that they stemmed from large founding populations that have maintained ancestral variation, despite homogenizing effects, possibly due to human-mediated among-population gene flow. Results of the microsatellite analyses are in general agreement with published mtCOI phylogenies; however, notable conflicts exist between the nuclear and mitochondrial relationships, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach to delineate the evolutionary history of the group. This study supports the hypothesis that the extant B. tabaci sibsp. group contains ancient genetic entities and highlights the vast cryptic diversity throughout the genome in the group.

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“…It has been suggested that endosymbionts may have played a role in the B . tabaci Q invasions in southern Italy, acting as a sex-ratio manipulator and possibly benefiting the host fitness 42 . The haplotype-endosymbiont associations of B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics of an alien whitefly in China: implications for its dispersal and invasion success

Pan

Tao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Invasive genotypes may be associated with their ability to access the invasion habitat. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Q, has been an important agricultural pest in China since 2008. In order to identify the invasion routes and to provide insight into its invasion success in China, we analyzed the composition, distribution, and genetic diversity of mitochondrial haplotypes of B. tabaci Q. Samples were obtained from 23 provincial level administrative units in 2011, and analyses conducted based on the mtCOI. Our results revealed five haplotypes (abbreviated as Q1H1-Q1H5) were present in the Q1 subclade based on 773-bp mtCOI fragment analysis. The diversity of haplotypes indicated the B. tabaci Q populations were derived from multiple invasion sources originating from the western Mediterranean region. Among the haplotypes, Q1H1 was dominant, followed by Q1H2. The whitefly populations were generally characterized by low levels of genetic diversity based on the 773-bp mtCOI fragment. Similar results were obtained when the 657-bp fragment was analyzed using the procedure in a previous report. Potential mechanisms contributing to the dominance of the Q1H1 in China are also discussed. These results will be helpful in revealing the mechanisms that enabled the successful invasion of B. tabaci Q into the country.

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Invasion of the Q2 mitochondrial variant of Mediterranean Bemisia tabaci in southern Italy: possible role of bacterial endosymbionts

Abstract: Q2 invasion seems to have been favoured by the agroecological conditions of southern Italy and by the female-biased sex ratio. Endosymbionts may have a role in Q2 invasiveness, acting as sex-ratio manipulators (e.g. Rickettsia) and possibly by benefiting the host fitness.

Cited by 35 publications

References 86 publications

Diversity and evolution of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci in China

Diversity and evolution of the endosymbionts of Bemisia tabaci in China

Global Population Structure of a Worldwide Pest and Virus Vector: Genetic Diversity and Population History of the Bemisia tabaci Sibling Species Group

Population genetics of an alien whitefly in China: implications for its dispersal and invasion success

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