Invasibility of plankton food webs along a trophic state gradient

Lennon, Jay T.; Smith, Val H.; Dzialowski, Andrew R.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12260.x

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…A single resident species may play a strong role in excluding particular invaders (Lennon et al 2003;Lohrer et al 2000;McGrady-Steed et al 1997) when the characteristics of the invader and resident are sufficiently similar. In other cases a single predator or herbivore may exert a dominant influence on the abundance of nonnatives (deRivera et al 2005;Lohrer et al 2000).…”

Section: Biotic Resistance and Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecological Factors Affecting Community Invasibility

Olyarnik¹,

Byrnes²,

Hughes³

et al. 2009

Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems

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What makes a community invasible? For over a century ecologists have sought to understand the relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors that determine community composition. The fact that we are still exploring this topic today hints at both its importance and complexity. As the impacts from harmful non-native species accumulate, it has become increasingly urgent to find answers to the more applied aspects of this question: what makes a habitat vulnerable to invasion by additional species, and which species are likely to invade? Answers to these questions will not only aid in targeting conservation efforts but will also advance our understanding of marine community ecology.Although the relative importance of abiotic vs. biotic factors in making a habitat invasible varies, abiotic factors undoubtedly serve as the first "filter" to invasions, limiting establishment of non-native (=exotic) species to conditions approximating their native ranges. As obvious examples, tropical corals will not establish in boreal waters, and temperate rocky intertidal species will not colonize tropical shores. Similarly, species cannot invade a community if propagules do not arrive at the site. Other chapters in this volume cover the influence of abiotic factors and propagule supply (Chap. 7, Johnston et al.; Chap. 8, Miller and Ruiz; Chap. 19, Hewitt et al.), so we only briefly review these factors. In this chapter we focus on the question of predicting invasion success of non-native species that are (1) transported to the habitat in question (i.e., propagule supply is not extremely limiting) and (2) physiologically capable of surviving in the climatic regime. We begin with the observation that even in areas of suitable habitat within the current range of an introduced species, there is often dramatic variation in the density, presence, and overall success of the invader. We seek to explain this variation in terms of processes that control the availability of resources. These include not only abiotic and physical factors that determine base resource levels, but also interactions between species or between organisms and their environment that increase resource availability (through disturbance) or decrease resource availability (through competitive processes), or create new resources (through facilitation) (Fig. 12.1

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Section: Biotic Resistance and Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecological Factors Affecting Community Invasibility

Olyarnik¹,

Byrnes²,

Hughes³

et al. 2009

Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems

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“…The role of competitive dominants in inhibiting invasion success has been stressed by Wardle (2001) as a primary mechanism for limiting species invasions in plant communities. Particular species, both predators and competitive dominants, have also been shown to inhibit invasions success in zooplankton and protist communities (McGrady-Steed et al 1997;Miller et al 2002;Lennon et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental rock pool and other natural and artificial aquatic microcosm experiments (see Srivastava et al 2004) have been intensively used in diversity-invasibility studies (McGrady-Steed et al 1997;Law et al 2000;Shurin 2000;Miller et al 2002;Lennon et al 2003) as many features of microcosms (e.g. small size, ease of manipulation, fast generation times of organisms, constant environmental condition, see Srivastava et al 2004 for a review) lend themselves to complex process-oriented experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource limitation, biodiversity, and competitive effects interact to determine the invasibility of rock pool microcosms

Romanuk

Kolasa

2005

Biol Invasions

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The success of species invasions depends on both the characteristics of the invaded habitat and the traits of the invasive species. At local scales biodiversity may act as a barrier to invasion; however, the mechanism by which biodiversity confers invasion resistance to a community has been the subject of considerable debate. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that productivity and diversity affected the ability of a regionally available species to colonize communities from which it is absent. We hypothesized that the invasibility of rock pool invertebrate communities would increase with increasing nutrients and decrease with increasing diversity. We tested this possibility using naturally invaded outdoor aquatic microcosms. We demonstrated that the invasibility of an experimental multi-trophic aquatic community by a competitive native midge species (Ceratopogonidae: Dasyhelea sp.) was determined by an interaction between resource availability, diversity, and the densities of two competitive ostracods species. Nutrient enrichment increased invasion success; however, within nutrient-enriched microcosms, invasion success was highest in the low-diversity treatments. Our results suggest that resource availability may in fact be the principal mechanism determining invasibility at local scales in multi-trophic rock pool communities; however resource availability can be determined by both nutrient input as well as by the diversity of the biotic community.

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“…We also added inorganic nitrogen (N) as an equal molar mix of NaNO 3 and NH 4 Cl to achieve a target N:P molar ratio of approximately 40:1. Following these initial additions, we added N and P every other day assuming a 5% loss d −1 (Lennon et al 2003). Sampling.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus resource heterogeneity in microbial food webs

Muscarella¹,

Bird²,

Larsen³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Food webs are often regulated by the bottom-up effects of resource supply rate. However, heterogeneity within a resource pool may also affect the structure and function of communities. To test this hypothesis, we measured the responses of aquatic microbial food webs in experimental mesocosms to the addition of 4 different phosphorus (P) sources: orthophosphate (PO 4 3− ), 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phytic acid (PA). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that P resource heterogeneity altered community assembly for bacteria and eukaryotic algae, suggesting that these microbial functional groups may be comprised of P-specialists. In contrast, cyanobacteria were relatively unaffected by our treatments, suggesting that these microorganisms may adopt a more generalist strategy for Pacquisition. Furthermore, our results revealed that P resource heterogeneity affected food web and ecosystem attributes such as nutrient concentrations, bacterial productivity, algal biomass, and ecosystem respiration. Lastly, we found no evidence for non-additive effects of resource heterogeneity based on a treatment where a set of mesocosms received all 4 sources of P. Instead, our results support the view that there may be non-substitutable classes of P in aquatic ecosystems. Specifically, microbial food webs were more sensitive to P-containing biomolecules (PO 4 3− and ATP) than P-containing structural or storage molecules (AEP and PA). Our results demonstrate that not all P resources are the same; although historically overlooked, P resource heterogeneity may have important implications for understanding and predicting the structure and function of aquatic communities.

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Invasibility of plankton food webs along a trophic state gradient

Cited by 42 publications

References 92 publications

Ecological Factors Affecting Community Invasibility

Ecological Factors Affecting Community Invasibility

Resource limitation, biodiversity, and competitive effects interact to determine the invasibility of rock pool microcosms

Phosphorus resource heterogeneity in microbial food webs

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