Invariants of the 1/r 2 Supersymmetric t-J Models

Abstract

In this work, we have studied the invariants of motion of two SU (N ) supersymmetric t-J models of 1/r 2 hopping and exchange in one dimension. The first model is defined on a lattice of equal spaced sites, and the second on a non-equal spacing lattice. Using the "exchange operator formalism", we are able to construct all the invariants for the models, by mapping the systems to mixtures of fermions and bosons. This identification shows that the supersymmetric t-J model on the chain with equal-spaced sites also belongs to Shastry-Sutherland's "Super-Lax-Pair" family.

Aversive Peer Experiences on Social Networking Sites: Development of the Social Networking‐Peer Experiences Questionnaire (SN‐PEQ)

“…Specifically, we did not compare the SN-PEQ with other measures of cyber victimization measures. Previously used measures have been very general (Wang et al, 2010) or were not specific to experiences that occur on social media; as such, we feel that the SN-PEQ likely captures the unique and nuanced aspects of youth's behavior on SNS to a better extent than the more general items or measures that have been used. However, in the future, it would be valuable to understand how the aversive experiences assessed by the SN-PEQ relate to other online victimization experiences, especially ones perpetrated by peers.…”

“…Although most SNS experiences enhance adolescents' friendships and social connections (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007;Valkenburg, Peter, & Schouten, 2006), negative experiences can occur. However, research on cyber victimization has not yet directly addressed aversive experiences occurring on SNSs, as it has focused mainly on experiences occurring via older communication tools (i.e., instant messaging, chat rooms) (Katzer, Fetchenhauer, & Belschak, 2009) that have declined in use (Lenhart et al, 2010), or has assessed cyber experiences very generally (Wang, Iannotti, Luk, & Nansel, 2010).…”

Light‐activated plant defence

“…All of the botanical photosensitizers discovered to date are effective antimicrobial agents capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Table 5 lists Hudson et al (1982Hudson et al ( , 1986Hudson et al ( a, 1991a; Hudson & Towers (1988a, 1991; Hudson (1989) Altamirano et al (1986; Hudson et al (1986Z), c); Hudson & Towers (1988a, 1991; Hudson (1989) Meruelo et al (1988; Lavie et al (1989); Hudson et al (1990, \99\b); Kraus et al (1990) (1982); Kondoleon et al (1982); Hudson et al (1985Hudson et al ( , 1987; Hudson (1989); ; Hudson (1989); ) Horwitz & Horwitz (1971; Becker & Olshewski (1973); Rubinstein & Rein (1974); Kuwahara et al (1986) Sun et al (1988 Hudson & Towers (1988; Hudson (1989); Hudson et al (1989Hudson et al ( , 1991a; Wang et al (1991) AD-2, adenovirus type 2; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; EIAV, equine infectious anemia virus; FPV, fowl plague virus; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IHNV, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Ml3, phage Ml3; MCMV, murine cytomegalovirus; MLV, murine leukemia virus; SV, Sindbus virus; SV40, simian virus 40; T4, phage T4; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; WEE, Western equine encephalitis virus. Thomas & Allen (1970); Allen & Thomas (1971 a-c); Camm et al (1975);…”

Whole‐field macro‐ and micro‐deformation characteristic of unbound water‐loss in dentin hard tissue

“…Photomechanical experiments such as photoelasticity [7,8,12,13], electronic speckle interferometry (ESPI) [14][15][16], digital holographic interferometry (DHI) [17][18][19], digital moiré interferometry (DMI) [9,10,[20][21][22], optical coherence tomography (OCT) [23,24] and digital image correlation (DIC) [25][26][27] have been employed to study biomechanical responses of dental structures. However, very few techniques have determined 3D deformation states (eg, displacements, principle strains) on dentin structure in realtime, under a fully hydrated condition to a nonhydrated state.…”