Invariants of ratio of crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile, and vaporized chaotized particles in solid, liquid, and gas states of substance

Abstract

The authors of the article have developed the concept of chaotic particles based on the Boltzmann distribution over the kinetic energy of the particles’ chaotic motion. This distribution allows to combine the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter with the help of energetic particles called crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile, and vapor-mobile. The ratio of the proportions of such randomized particles determines a certain state of matter aggregation. The sum of the shares of these particles in all combinations at any temperature is equal to unity. During the study it has identified that qualitative and quantitative analysis of states with a priority basic effect of a randomized component of a substance can be conducted. Certain regularities of states were discovered, independent of the specific type of substance and consistent with the physicochemical properties. The entropy of mixing of all three energy classes of chaotic particles was calculated for simple substances. It was characterized by a maximum in the interval of the boiling point of substances. This feature testifies to the unique variety of possibilities for the implementation of the most complex heterogeneous processes in terrestrial conditions at atmospheric pressure, which ultimately ensured the self-organization of life

Cluster‐associate viscosity model of tin chloride in comparison with the Frenkel model

“…The cluster‐associate model of fluid viscosity is a model based on the new concept of randomized particles 12 . This model describes the viscosity of a fluid as a consequence of the presence and interaction of clusters in associates formed by short‐range bonds between particles.…”

“…The cluster-associate model of fluid viscosity is a model based on the new concept of randomized particles. 12 This model describes the viscosity of a fluid as a consequence of the presence and interaction of clusters in associates formed by short-range bonds between particles. In this model, the viscosity of a fluid is reduced to the destruction of associates without destroying the clusters themselves, in which saturated short-range bonds act during the virtual realization of this order.…”

“…The article by Malyshev and Nurmagambetova 12 presents a viscosity model based on clusters to describe the viscosity of molten SnCl 4 . The model is compared with the Frenkel model, which correlates viscosity with characteristic vibration times.…”