Invariance of firing rate and field potential dynamics to stimulus modulation rate in human auditory cortex

Mukamel, Roy; Nir, Yuval; Harel, Michal; Arieli, Amos; Malach, Rafael; Fried, Itzhak

doi:10.1002/hbm.21100

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Interestingly, the tracking of the vocalization envelope becomes particularly salient when the phase-locked multi-unit responses are summed together. Given that synchronized ensembles of multi-unit activity are correlated with high gamma power of the LFPs [20]–[22], an intriguing possibility is that the high gamma activity that we report in this study is closely related to the multi-unit discharges recorded in animal primary auditory cortex during vocalization. Indeed, it has been found that the high gamma activity can be closely tied to neuronal discharge activity in human auditory cortex when subjects listen to naturalistic stimuli [20], [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex

et al. 2013

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Humans are highly adept at processing speech. Recently, it has been shown that slow temporal information in speech (i.e., the envelope of speech) is critical for speech comprehension. Furthermore, it has been found that evoked electric potentials in human cortex are correlated with the speech envelope. However, it has been unclear whether this essential linguistic feature is encoded differentially in specific regions, or whether it is represented throughout the auditory system. To answer this question, we recorded neural data with high temporal resolution directly from the cortex while human subjects listened to a spoken story. We found that the gamma activity in human auditory cortex robustly tracks the speech envelope. The effect is so marked that it is observed during a single presentation of the spoken story to each subject. The effect is stronger in regions situated relatively early in the auditory pathway (belt areas) compared to other regions involved in speech processing, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's region). To further distinguish whether speech envelope is encoded in the auditory system as a phonological (speech-related), or instead as a more general acoustic feature, we also probed the auditory system with a melodic stimulus. We found that belt areas track melody envelope weakly, and as the only region considered. Together, our data provide the first direct electrophysiological evidence that the envelope of speech is robustly tracked in non-primary auditory cortex (belt areas in particular), and suggest that the considered higher-order regions (STG and Broca's region) partake in a more abstract linguistic analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…We focus on the high gamma range, because activity in this range has been shown to reflect multi-unit discharge rates and local field potentials of neuronal ensembles underneath each electrode [20]–[22]. Furthermore, this signal has been shown to track the envelope of speech-related sounds in the putative core auditory cortex in humans [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex

et al. 2013

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“…Chemotherapy-treated patients revealed more subjective cognitive complaints and a significantly poorer performance in the word fluency professions test. As well, treated patients made more errors during a Flanker task and a Tower of London task, both administered in an fMRI assessment presented in an earlier paper [56]. The authors skillfully compared the anatomical results from this paper to functional assessments, the latter discussed in the fMRI section below.…”

Section: Findings From Imaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Opening up the Window into “Chemobrain”: A Neuroimaging Review

Scherling¹,

Smith

2013

Sensors

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As more chemotherapy-treated cancer patients are reaching survivorship, side-effects such as cognitive impairment warrant research attention. The advent of neuroimaging has helped uncover a neural basis for these deficits. This paper offers a review of neuroimaging investigations in chemotherapy-treated adult cancer patients, discussing the benefits and limitations of each technique and study design. Additionally, despite the assumption given by the chemobrain label that chemotherapy is the only causative agent of these deficits, other factors will be considered. Suggestions are made on how to more comprehensively study these cognitive changes using imaging techniques, thereby promoting generalizability of the results to clinical applications. Continued investigations may yield better long-term quality of life outcomes by supporting patients' self-reports, and revealing brain regions being affected by chemotherapy.

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“…To account for the different press durations of each trial when estimating the perievent firing rate, each press duration was normalized to the criterion duration before firing rate estimation calculations (Mukamel et al, 2011). This made it possible to calculate a reliable perievent firing rate estimate for press durations, even when a session contains many trials with different press durations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Action Selection and Timing in Substantia Nigra Neurons

Fan¹,

Rossi²,

Yin³

2012

J. Neurosci.

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The timing of actions is critical for adaptive behavior. In this study we measured neural activity in the substantia nigra as mice learned to change their action duration to earn food rewards. We observed dramatic changes in single unit activity during learning: both dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons changed their activity in relation to behavior to reflect the learned instrumental contingency and the action duration. We found the emergence of "action-on" neurons that increased firing for the duration of the lever press and mirrorimage "action-off" neurons that paused at the same time. This pattern is especially common among GABAergic neurons. The activity of many neurons also reflected confidence about the just completed action and the prospect of reward. Being correlated with the relative duration of the completed action, their activity could predict the likelihood of reward collection. Compared with the GABAergic neurons, the activity of dopaminergic neurons was more commonly modulated by the discriminative stimulus signaling the start of each trial, suggesting that their phasic activity reflected sensory salience rather than any reward prediction error found in previous work. In short, these results suggest that (1) nigral activity is highly plastic and modified by the learning of the instrumental contingency; (2) GABAergic output from the substantia nigra can simultaneously inhibit and disinhibit downstream structures, while the dopaminergic output also provide bidirectional modulation of the corticostriatal circuits; (3) dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons show similar task-related activity, although DA neurons are more responsive to the trial start signal.

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Invariance of firing rate and field potential dynamics to stimulus modulation rate in human auditory cortex

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex

The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex

Opening up the Window into “Chemobrain”: A Neuroimaging Review

Mechanisms of Action Selection and Timing in Substantia Nigra Neurons

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