Invading slugs (
            <i>
              <scp>A</scp>
              rion vulgaris)
            </i>
            can be vectors for
            <i>
              <scp>L</scp>
              isteria monocytogenes
            </i>

Gismervik, Kristine; Aspholm, Marina; Rørvik, Liv Marit; Bruheim, Torkjel; Andersen, A.; Skaar, Ida

doi:10.1111/jam.12750

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…While L. monocytogenes is frequently found in animals, on farms, and in the natural environment, the frequency of the different genetic groups of L. monocytogenes appears to differ significantly in these environments compared to that observed in meat products and the meat processing industry. L. monocytogenes ST9 is rarely found in pig or ruminant farming environments, animals, or wild natural surroundings ( 22 , 58 – 60 ). This sequence type has, however, frequently been found to dominate in raw pork meat ( 21 , 52 , 61 ) and is also commonly found to persist in slaughterhouses ( 14 , 15 , 24 , 62 ) as well as in downstream compartments in the meat processing chain ( 10 , 22 , 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Fagerlund

Langsrud

Møretrø

2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen mostly associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat foods and can cause severe disease and death. It can be introduced into food chains from raw materials, but often the contamination source is the food production environment, where certain clones can persist for years. In the meat chain, ST9 is one of the most commonly encountered L. monocytogenes sequence types, and for effective source tracking, the divergence and spread of ST9 must be understood. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize and track 252 L. monocytogenes ST9 isolates collected from four Norwegian meat processing plants between 2009 and 2017. The isolates formed distinct clusters relative to genomes found in public databases, and all but three isolates clustered into two major clonal populations. Different contamination patterns were revealed, e.g., evidence of contamination of two factories with a clone that diverged from its ancestor in the late 1990s through a common source of raw materials; breach of hygienic barriers within a factory, leading to repeated detection of two clones in the high-risk zone during a 4- to 6-year period; entry through the purchase and installation of second-hand equipment harboring a previously established clonal population; and spreading and diversification of two clones from two reservoirs within the same production room over a 9-year period. The present work provides data on the diversity of ST9, which is crucial for epidemiological investigations and highlights how WGS can be used for source tracking within food processing factories. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment, and certain types can be established in food factories. The sequence type ST9 dominates in meat processing environments, and this work was undertaken to obtain data needed for the tracking of this subtype. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we revealed the presence of cross-contamination routes between meat factories as well as within a single factory, including the spread from different reservoirs within the same room. It was also possible to estimate the time frame of persistence in the factory, as well as when and how new clones had entered. The present work contributes valuable information about the diversity of ST9 and exemplifies the potential power of WGS in food safety management, allowing the determination of relationships between strains both in an international context and locally between and within factories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Fagerlund

Langsrud

Møretrø

2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Moreover A . vulgaris may act as a vector for some pathogenic bacteria, like Listeria monocytogenes [ 1 ], Clostridium botulinum [ 2 ],[ 3 ] and host species for some parasites, as Angiostrongylus vasorum that can cause serious and potentially fatal disease in dogs and other canids [ 4 ]. A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Arion vulgaris—Proteins for Probably Successful Survival Strategies?

et al. 2016

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The Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, is considered one of the hundred most invasive species in Central Europe. The immense and very successful adaptation and spreading of A. vulgaris suggest that it developed highly effective mechanisms to deal with infections and natural predators. Current transcriptomic and proteomic studies on gastropods have been restricted mainly to marine and freshwater gastropods. No transcriptomic or proteomic study on A. vulgaris has been carried out so far, and in the current study, the first transcriptomic database from adult specimen of A. vulgaris is reported. To facilitate and enable proteomics in this non-model organism, a mRNA-derived protein database was constructed for protein identification. A gel-based proteomic approach was used to obtain the first generation of a comprehensive slug mantle proteome. A total of 2128 proteins were unambiguously identified; 48 proteins represent novel proteins with no significant homology in NCBI non-redundant database. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed an extensive repertoire of novel proteins with a role in innate immunity including many associated pattern recognition, effector proteins and cytokine-like proteins. The number and diversity in gene families encoding lectins point to a complex defense system, probably as a result of adaptation to a pathogen-rich environment. These results are providing a fundamental and important resource for subsequent studies on molluscs as well as for putative antimicrobial compounds for drug discovery and biomedical applications.

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“…Although increasing reports are available on the prevalence of Lm in diverse wild species [ 9 , 16 , 29 , 35 , 36 ], it is rare to isolate Lm strains from a dolphin. In England, systematic surveillance programs were conducted on 728 cetaceans of 16 different species tested for 12 consecutive years and no Lm strain was ever detected [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on the Finding of Listeria mnocytogenes ST121 Strain in a Dolphin Brain

et al. 2020

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Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes the foodborne illness, listeriosis. Clonal complexes (CC), such as CC121, are overrepresented in the food production industry, and are rarely reported in animals and the environment. Working within a European-wide project, we investigated the routes by which strains are transmitted from environments and animals to food and the food production environment (FPE). In this context, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of a ST121 (CC121) strain isolated from a dolphin brain. The genome was compared with the genomes of 376 CC121 strains. Genomic comparisons showed that 16 strains isolated from food were the closest to the dolphin strain. Like most of the food strains analyzed here, the dolphin strain included genomic features (transposon Tn6188, plasmid pLM6179), both described as being associated with the strain’s adaptation to the FPE. Like all 376 strains, the dolphin strain contained a truncated actA gene and inlA gene, both described as being associated with attenuated virulence. Despite this fact, the strain was able to cross blood-brain barrier in immunosuppressed dolphin exposed polychlorinated biphenyl and invaded by parasites. Our data suggest that the dolphin was infected by a food-related strain released into the Mediterranean Sea.

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Invading slugs ( A rion vulgaris) can be vectors for L isteria monocytogenes

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Arion vulgaris—Proteins for Probably Successful Survival Strategies?

First Report on the Finding of Listeria mnocytogenes ST121 Strain in a Dolphin Brain

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