Inulin-type fructans with prebiotic properties counteract GPR43 overexpression and PPARγ-related adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice

Abstract

Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are nondigestible/fermentable carbohydrates which are able - through the modification of the gut microbiota - to counteract high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity, endotoxemia and related-metabolic alterations. However, their influence on adipose tissue metabolism has been poorly studied until now. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ITF supplementation on adipose tissue metabolism, by focusing on a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR), GPR43, as a potential link between gut fermentation processes and white adipose tissue development. Male C57bl6/J mice were fed a standard diet or an HF diet without or with ITF (0.2 g/day per mouse) during 4 weeks. The HF diet induced an accumulation of large adipocytes, promoted peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-activated differentiation factors and led to a huge increase in GPR43 expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. All those effects were blunted by ITF treatment, which modulated the gut microbiota in favor of bifidobacteria at the expense of Roseburia spp. and of Clostridium cluster XIVa. The dietary modulation of GPR43 expression seems independent of endotoxemia, in view of data obtained in vivo (acute and chronic lipopolysaccharides treatment). In conclusion, ITF, which promote gut fermentation, paradoxically counteract GPR43 overexpression induced in the adipose tissue by an HF diet, a phenomenon that correlates with a beneficial effect on adiposity and with potential decrease in PPARγ-activated processes.

Gut-brain signaling in energy homeostasis: the unexpected role of microbiota-derived succinate

“…For example, a remarkable increase in Bifidobacterium spp. was observed in diabetic mice that were fed inulin-type fructans , Dewulf et al 2011. The increase in Bifidobacteria was inversely correlated to the development of adiposity and glucose intolerance .…”

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine

“…were based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and as described by Vincent et al [14,15]. Detection was achieved with a STEP one PLUS instrument and software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using MESA FAST quantitative PCR MasterMix Plus for SYBR Assay (Eurogentec, Verviers, Belgium).…”

Effect of the supplementation linseed oil, inulin and horse chestnut into a high fat diet on the fatty acid profile of pigs

“…DEWULF et al (2011) reported that inulin-type fructans supplemented to a HF diet (31.6 % lard; 3.2 % soybean oil) did not modify the FA pattern in mice. In chickens, the addition of inulin in a diet containing sunflower oil increased the content of PUFA due to increase in α-linolenic acid and the decreased SFA content in the fat and muscle tissues, but this effect was not observed when palm oil was used (VELASCO et al, 2010).…”

“…Inulin-type fructans are considered prebiotics (ROBERFROID, 2007). Inulin, alone or in combination with horse chestnut, supports the growth of beneficial bacteria and reduces harmful bacteria in the gut and influences lipid metabolism in the host (LETEXIER et al, 2003;DEWULF et al, 2011;SZABADOSOVA et al, 2013).…”

“…In spite of the fact that prebiotics affect lipid metabolism, there is a little information about how these changes are reflected in the FA profile of muscles, and this effect was only studied in mice (DEWULF et al, 2011) or in chickens (VELASCO et al, 2010). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of linseed oil, inulin and horse chestnut added to a high fat (HF) diet fed to pigs on the content of FAs in the musculus Longissimus dorsi.…”