Intumescent fire‐retardant coatings for plastics based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid): Improving water resistance with comonomers

Williams, Katherine V.; Ebdon, John R.; Kandola, Baljinder K.

doi:10.1002/app.47601

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hajj et al [16] compared chemical modification and radiation grafting using vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA). Contrarily to other studies VPA as flame retardant [31,32], no initiator was used. In chemical modification, fabrics were dipped in various solutions of VPA with different concentrations and treated in different conditions where temperature values ranged between 70 and 160 C for 2 h. Chemical modification in less severe conditions was not effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of monomer reactivity on radiation grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics

Hajj

Otazaghine²,

Sonnier³

et al. 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Flax fabrics were modified by radiation grafting method to improve their flame retardancy. Several phosphonated monomers with different carbon-carbon double bond reactivity were grafted. According to 1 H NMR carried out on irradiated monomers solubilized in water, the reactivity is the highest for (acryloyloxy)methyl phosphonic acid (hPAAPC1), and the lowest for allyl phosphonic acid (APA). Nevertheless, grafting yield on flax, assessed by X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy showed a different tendency. Especially (methacryloyloxy)methyl phosphonic acid (hPMAPC1) and vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA) appear to be highly grafted. In all cases, diffusion of the molecules into the flax elementary fibers bulk was observed. The choice of the solvent in washing step after the irradiation step showed to be effective to control the final phosphorus content in flax fabrics. The effect of phosphorus grafting on thermal properties and fire behavior was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and a preliminary fire test. According to the latter, self-extinguishing and non-flammable fabrics were obtained for phosphorus content of 0.5 wt% and 1.2 wt% respectively. Correlations with flammability at microscale were pointed out. Additional cone calorimeter tests highlight the influence of flame retardant treatment on flammability under forced flaming conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of monomer reactivity on radiation grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics

Hajj

Otazaghine²,

Sonnier³

et al. 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Flame retardancy of natural fibers has been improved using many techniques such as UV irradiation [15][16][17], plasma treatment [18], solgel treatment [19], gamma or e-beam irradiation [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lignocellulosic substrate and phosphorus flame retardant type on grafting yield and flame retardancy

Hajj

Hage

Sonnier³

et al. 2020

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Various phosphorus flame retardants (FR) have been grafted on lignin-rich miscanthus fibers and lignin-poor flax fibers according to two methods, phosphonic acids condensation in mild conditions and radiation grafting. Phosphorus content and its location on fibers were evaluated. Even if phosphorus FR diffused into the fibers bulk in all cases, chemical modification based on phosphonic acids condensation with hydroxyls of miscanthus fibers appears more suitable for high lignin content fibers. Phosphorus content in miscanthus fibers reached 1.4 wt% using hexane-1,6-diylbisphosphonic acid whereas it reached a lower content (0.3 wt%) for flax fibers. Radiation grafting is suitable for both fibers with limited effect depending on fiber nature. Flame retardancy at microscale was examined using PCFC and TGA. Thermal properties and flame retardancy have been shown to be correlated to the phosphorus content but also to fibers composition and to the thermal stability of the flame retardant. Vinyl phosphonic acid was found to be more efficient as char promoter for flax compared to miscanthus.

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“…Thin coatings (ca. 0.25-0.5 mm thick) of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) crosslinked with triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) have been shown to provide a very effective barrier to fire when applied to the surfaces of both thermoset resins, such as glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, and simple thermoplastics, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet [6][7][8]. PVPA when exposed to fire, thermo-oxidatively degrades to give a highly intumescent carbon-rich char layer with a thickness up to 100 times greater than that of the original coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PVPA when exposed to fire, thermo-oxidatively degrades to give a highly intumescent carbon-rich char layer with a thickness up to 100 times greater than that of the original coating. This expanded char layer can substantially delay ignition (or even in some cases prevent ignition) of the underlying polymer and retard its combustion leading to much lower peak rates of heat release [7,8]. The intumescent char though is mechanically weak and, as is well known, the coherence of the char layer, along with its thickness and porosity, determine its thermal barrier efficiency [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another disadvantage of using crosslinked PVPA on its own as a fire-retardant (FR) coating is that although its adhesion to polymer substrates is generally strong, this adhesion becomes poor when the coated assembly is exposed to water for a significant length of time, e.g., in a 24 h watersoak test. It has been suggested that this loss of adhesion arises from swelling of the hydrophilic PVPA coating in water followed by accumulation of water at the polymer/PVPA interface leading to loss of attachment [8]. In a previous paper we reported experiments aimed at improving the waterresistance of PVPA coatings without detriment to dry adhesion and FR performance by chemically incorporating hydrophobic comonomer species, viz., greater levels of the hydrophobic crosslinker (triallylisocyanurate), diethylvinyl phosphonate, acrylonitrile, and dimethylsiloxane units [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organo-Inorganic Hybrid Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings for Thermoplastics Based on Poly(Vinylphosphonic Acid)

2020

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Thin coatings of crosslinked poly(vinylphosphonic acid), PVPA, display good adhesion and excellent intumescent, fire-retardant barrier properties when applied to the surfaces of a typical thermoplastic, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), but perform relatively poorly in water-soak tests. To strengthen and further improve the barrier properties of the intumescent char and to make the coating more hydrophobic, PVPA has been complexed with various inorganic and organic species. The chars formed from coatings of some of these hybrid materials are less friable than chars from coatings synthesized from crosslinked PVPA alone, and show higher levels of water tolerance with no significant reduction in dry adhesion to the substrate.

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Intumescent fire‐retardant coatings for plastics based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid): Improving water resistance with comonomers

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of monomer reactivity on radiation grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics

Influence of monomer reactivity on radiation grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics

Influence of lignocellulosic substrate and phosphorus flame retardant type on grafting yield and flame retardancy

Organo-Inorganic Hybrid Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings for Thermoplastics Based on Poly(Vinylphosphonic Acid)

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