Intuitive ethics: how innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues

Above and Below Left–Right: Ideological Narratives and Moral Foundations

“…It was not intended to be a trait theory, or a theory about political ideology. Rather, it was created by two psychologists (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) who had worked with the anthropologist Richard Shweder on questions of morality and culture (see Shweder, Much, Mahapatra, & Park, 1997). We were both delighted by the variability of moral practices we read about in ethnographies.…”

“…ory (Haidt & Graham, 2007;Haidt & Joseph, 2004). In brief, we argue that the single dimension of leftright is indeed a useful construct that describes a network of Level 2 adaptations (such as right-wing authoritarianism) closely linked to Level 1 traits (such as openness to experience), but the study of ideology requires us to look at the Level 3 narratives of self and society that people construct and internalize as they develop, join groups, and share ideologies.…”

Talking money: How market-based valuation can undermine environmental protection

“…Since Amartya Sen (1977) has criticized utility-maximization by focusing on motivations like commitment or the desire to express (rather than satisfy) preferences, psychologists, behavioral economists and evolutionary theorists have provided widespread evidence for the claim that people's (value) judgements are based on a complex amalgam of intuitions (Haidt and Joseph, 2004), beliefs, norms, principles, dispositions, attitudes, emotions, passions and sentiments. All these have evolved through natural and cultural selection and, pace conventional economic practice, cannot be captured in onedimensional preference-rankings (Hodgson, 2013).…”

The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics

“…Similarly with a sense of fairness or justice, feelings of righteous anger or moral disgust, motivations associated with causing harm, and so on-the whole suite of underlying moral emotions, intuitions, and capacities (see generally, e.g., Haidt, 2007;Haidt and Joseph, 2004). If such capacities could be developed or augmented at their second-order level of description, this would be a more promising target, we believe, for interventions aimed at achieving (agential) moral enhancement, whether the intervention happened to be carried out with the assistance of a neurotechnology that acted directly on the brain or whether it was of a more familiar kind (e.g., traditional moral instruction without the aid of, say, brain stimulation or pharmaceuticals).…”