Intubation in Swine: What Recumbency to Choose?

Abstract

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is challenging in pigs. We compared the number of attempts and time to perform ETI, and the subjective perception of ease, while the animal was positioned in dorsal (DR) or sternal (SR) recumbency, as well as assessed whether operator experience influences the outcome. Participants were divided into three groups: undergraduates (ST; veterinary students), graduates (GR; veterinarians without specific anaesthesia training) and experts (EX; veterinary anaesthesia intern/resident and diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia). Each participant intubated one freshly euthanised pig in DR and ST. Number of attempts and time to correctly perform ETI, number of oesophageal intubations and answers to Likert-scale questions on larynx visualization and ease of endotracheal tube introduction and advancement were recorded. Thirty-three participants were enrolled (15 ST, 10 GR and 8 EX). Less attempts (p = 0.002) and time (p = 0.002) to correctly perform ETI were needed in SR for the ST group. In 21/119 and 5/48 ETI attempts, oesophageal intubation was performed in DR and SR, respectively. Larynx visualization (p < 0.001) and endotracheal tube introduction (p < 0.001) were perceived as easier in SR for the ST group. No difference between recumbencies was found in perceived ease to advance the endotracheal tube. For inexperienced operators, intubation in SR can be recommended.

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

“…Both dorsal and ventral recumbency are described as positions for endotracheal intubation, but ventral recumbency is crucial in facilitating safe and fast intubation and reduces the risk of airway obstruction determined by overextension of the head [19,22,41]. Ventral recumbency can be advantageous if compared to dorsal, especially for operators lacking experience in anesthetizing animals [71]. To decrease the risk of laryngeal spasm, the arytenoids can be sprayed with 2-4% lidocaine a minute before intubation is attempted [46,72].…”