Intrusions induce global warming before continental flood basalt volcanism

Tian, Xiaochuan; Buck, W. Roger

doi:10.1038/s41561-022-00939-w

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Magmas that stall at neutral buoyancy levels in the crust can create compositional and density discontinuities through mechanisms including pore closure (Lillis et al., 2015), crustal thickening, underplating, and density changes upon solidification (Tian & Buck, 2022). Depending on assumed crustal thickness, InSight data constrain the density of the bulk crust to be 2,850–3,100 kg/m 3 , significantly lower than the porosity‐free density >3,300 kg/m 3 expected for surface compositions (Baratoux et al., 2014; Knapmeyer‐Endrun et al., 2021; Wieczorek et al., 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buoyant Impact Partial Melts on Ancient Mars

Black,

Marchi

2024

JGR Planets

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Most of the Martian crust formed prior to ∼4 Ga, but the magmatic processes responsible for finalizing the structure and composition of the ancient crust remain enigmatic. Impacts can produce large volumes of melt under a wide range of melting pressures, temperatures, and degrees of melting. Hellas, Argyre, Isidis, and Utopia basins date to around 4 Ga, demonstrating that basin‐scale impacts helped to place the finishing touches on an already established crust. In this work, we focus on the ascent and intrusion of impact partial melts generated at mantle depths and the consequences for the petrology and structure of the Martian crust. Specifically, we show that the majority of impact partial melts are buoyant, favoring ascent to the surface or to neutral buoyancy levels in the crust, where magmas solidify as intrusive rocks. The composition of these polybaric melts overlaps with some ancient Martian igneous materials. We propose that the process of ascent of deep‐seated impact partial melts and intrusion at shallower levels may have contributed to the observed crustal stratification and ancient petrologic diversity on Mars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buoyant Impact Partial Melts on Ancient Mars

Black,

Marchi

2024

JGR Planets

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“…Geochemical studies indicate that mantle‐derived magma resides for several thousands of years in the crust before it extrudes (Mutch et al., 2019). Based on geomechanical modeling, Tian and Buck (2022) argue that large flood basalt extrusions are possible only when the average overburden density is greater than the magma density. Assuming a linear velocity‐density relation, the HVL in the upper crust could also be a high‐density shallow layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical techniques have been successfully used in investigating the structure of the magma plumbing in active volcanic systems (e.g., Chrapkiewicz et al., 2022; Jaxybulatov et al., 2014; Lees, 2007; Paulatto et al., 2022; Peng & Humphreys, 1998; Ward et al., 2014), which helps in providing critical insights into magma emplacement, mush evolution, and modeling the quantum of CO 2 outflux (e.g., Cartwright & Hansen, 2006; Kasbohm, 2022; Muirhead et al., 2014; Tian & Buck, 2022). Geophysical imaging of old volcanic systems like the Deccan, Columbia, and Siberia is, however, more difficult and debated due to weak geophysical signatures as a consequence of magma solidification because of heat loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Saha,

Kumar,

Chaubey

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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An anomalous crust and lithospheric mantle in the Deccan Volcanic Province are imaged below a 160 km long W‐E profile through the joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion. The upper crust has an unusually low S‐wave velocity (Vs ∼ 3.3–3.5 km/s) at 8–17 km depth, underlying a 4 km thick high‐velocity layer (Vs > 3.8 km/s). The low velocity possibly represents the frozen magma reservoir, the source for the magma eruption at ∼65 Ma due to the interaction of the Reunion plume with India. The shallow, high‐velocity layer could be basaltic mafic intrusions responsible for the production of massive CO2 degassing. The Moho deepens beneath the west coast to ∼45 km due to 10–15 km of magma underplating. The mantle plume scar is seen as thinned lithosphere (80–100 km), with the presence of long‐lived low‐velocity layers in the shallow mantle attributed to the presence of sulfide melts.

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“…The denser crust beneath the DVP section is probably due to basaltic crustal intrusions. Tian and Buck (2022) provide a detailed account and reference for extensive mafic intrusion beneath the Columbia River Basalt, Emeishan, Siberian, and Etendeka LIPs, based on geophysical data modelling. They suggest that crustal densification due to voluminous magma intrusion and solidification is necessary for the extrusion of continental flood basalts.…”

Section: High Velocity In the Shallow Crustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical techniques have been successfully used in investigating the structure of the magma plumbing in active volcanic systems (e.g., Chrapkiewicz et al, 2022;Jaxybulatov et al, 2014;Lees, 2007;Paulatto et al, 2022;Peng & Humphreys, 1998;Ward et al, 2014). This knowledge helps in providing critical insights into magma emplacement, mush evolution, and modelling the quantum of CO 2 outflux (e.g., Cartwright & Hansen, 2006;Kasbohm, 2022;Muirhead et al, 2014;Tian & Buck, 2022). Geophysical imaging of old volcanic systems like the Deccan, Columbia, and Siberia is, however, more difficult and debated due to weak geophysical signatures as a consequence of magma solidification because of heat loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps imaged using receiver function

Saha

Kumar

Chaubey

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present the first evidence for a lower S-wave velocity (Vs ~3.3 to 3.5 km/s) at 8-17 km depth underlying a 4 km thick high-velocity zone with Vs >3.8 km/s beneath the west coast and the neighbouring parts of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India, coinciding with the last phase of volcanism. The velocity structure is derived from joint inversion of receiver function from 9 seismographs operated along ~106 km long W-E profile with the surface wave dispersion data. The low-velocity layer possibly represents the horizontally elongated frozen magma reservoir, the source for the magma eruption at ~65 million years produced due to the interaction of the Reunion hotspot with India. The shallow, high-velocity layer could be basaltic mafic intrusions responsible for the production of massive CO2 degassing. The Moho deepens beneath the west coast to ~45 km due to 10-15 km of underplating as a consequence of magma upwelling.

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Intrusions induce global warming before continental flood basalt volcanism

Cited by 18 publications

References 85 publications

Buoyant Impact Partial Melts on Ancient Mars

Buoyant Impact Partial Melts on Ancient Mars

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps Imaged Using Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion

Cryptic Magma Chamber in the Deccan Traps imaged using receiver function

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