Intrusion of CO2 and impurities in a freshwater aquifer — Impact evaluation by reactive transport modelling

Geochemical Implications of Gas Leakage associated with Geologic CO2 Storage—A Qualitative Review

“…At the time of this review only the modeling efforts of Jacquemet et al and Gislason et al were found to consider the potential effects of co-injected gases on near surface environments. Jacquemet et al predicted that presence of co-injected SO 2 (∼1.5%) and NO (∼0.5%), could lower pH by an additional 1 unit (compared to CO 2 alone) and increase the release of metals from aquifer minerals. Such a finding is consistent with the acidification effects associated with dissolution of NO x and SO x in water, − but ignores any potential beneficial consequences of NO x and SO x .…”

Geochemical Implications of CO2 Leakage Associated with Geologic Storage: A Review

“…Similar acidifying effects of NO x and SO x gases are expected if these gases leak into potable aquifers or the vadose zone. A recent study by Jacquemet et al (2011) indicates that even at low concentrations, SO 2 and NO may lower pH by an additional 1 unit compared to CO 2 alone. Jacquemet et al (2011) predicted an increased release of metals as a consequence of the additional decline in pH.…”

“…A recent study by Jacquemet et al (2011) indicates that even at low concentrations, SO 2 and NO may lower pH by an additional 1 unit compared to CO 2 alone. Jacquemet et al (2011) predicted an increased release of metals as a consequence of the additional decline in pH. However, such pH declines may also enhance other undesirable reactions.…”

“…Such degradation may involve the increase mobilization of contaminants or changes in other water quality parameters such as alkalinity, salinity or total dissolved solids (TDS). Research in this area is relatively new and at the time of this review, applicable work included several modeling studies Wang and Jaffe 2004;Apps et al 2011;Apps et al 2010;Jacquemet et al 2011;Zheng et al In Press), batch experiments (Little and Jackson 2010;Lu et al 2010;Wei et al 2011;Smyth et al 2009) and short-term field studies (Kharaka et al 2006(Kharaka et al , 2010Assayag et al 2009;Mito et al 2008). …”

A Critical Review of the Impacts of Leaking CO₂ Gas and Brine on Groundwater Quality

“…In addition to experimental work, numerical modeling has been used to conduct a generic evaluation of the potential groundwater quality changes as a result of the hypothetical leakage of CO2 (Apps et al, 2010;Carroll et al, 2009;Wang and Jaffe, 2004;Wilkin and Digiulio, 2010;Zheng et al, 2009;Vong et al, 2011;Altevogt and Jaffe, 2005;Jacquemet et al, 2011), and also to understand the chemical processes that control the CO2-induced release of metals via model interpretation of laboratory experiments (Kirsch et al, 2014;Viswanathan et al, 2012;Wunsch et al, 2014) and field tests (Trautz et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2012). In general, these models predicted the release of trace metals such as Pb and As (Wang and Jaffe, 2004;Apps et al, 2010;Zheng et al, 2009), which is largely consistent with the observations from laboratory experiments (Smyth et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2010;Little and Jackson, 2010;Humez et al, 2013;Wunsch et al, 2014;Viswanathan et al, 2012;Varadharajan et al, 2013;Kirsch et al, 2014), although the type of metal being released and the severity of release vary among these experiments.…”