“…However, this basic security is not always appropriate, and advanced security mechanisms are needed. For example, the primary security mechanisms do not include protection against network-based attacks and do not allow monitoring whether a system has been exploited or tampered (Brown & Heikki, 2005;Jatti & Kishor Sontif, 2019;Liao et al, 2013). Some authors recommend implementing network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) as the first choice for detecting network-based attacks (Debar et al, 2000;El-Bakry & Mastorakis, 2008).…”