“…Although A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis are closely related (Bugarski-Stanojević et al, 2008), they do not appear to be sister species (Makova, Nekrutenko & Baker, 2000;Michaux et al, 2002;Janzekovic & Krystufek, 2004). In addition, there is no evidence from either morphometric, molecular or experimental data that these species hybridize (Engländer & Amtmann, 1963;Jewell & Fullagar, 1965;Niethammer, 1969;Serizawa, Suzuki & Tsuchiya, 2000;Michaux et al, 2001;Filippucci, Macholán & Michaux, 2002). In temperate Europe, the genus Apodemus is the dominant rodent present in most woodland and shrub habitats, even near their distribution limits (Kryštufek & Vohralík, 2007;Loman, 2008).…”
Sustainable coexistence of similar, related species is generally expected to be achieved through character displacement, resulting in niche partitioning. The species Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis are very similar both morphologically and ecologically, and have a large geographical overlap. Whether functional or biomechanical differences between these two species contribute to their coexistence remains unknown. A biomechanical model was created based on muscle data derived from dissections to estimate the maximum bite force. In addition, the dental microwear was analysed to test for evidence of a divergence in diet. Finally, geometric morphometric approaches were used to compare mandibular shapes. The results indicate that A. flavicollis, the slightly larger species, is optimized for biting at a larger gape angle. Apodemus sylvaticus appears to be slightly more specialized for grinding and biting at a narrower gape angle. However, the majority of shape variation in the mandible across both species follows the same pattern. No significant differences in microwear were observed between species, and thus, they appear to consume similar food types. These results suggest that character divergence resulting in niche partitioning has not occurred, possibly due to low resource competition. Alternatively, resource partitioning may occur through behavioural differences or differences in activity patterns.
“…Although A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis are closely related (Bugarski-Stanojević et al, 2008), they do not appear to be sister species (Makova, Nekrutenko & Baker, 2000;Michaux et al, 2002;Janzekovic & Krystufek, 2004). In addition, there is no evidence from either morphometric, molecular or experimental data that these species hybridize (Engländer & Amtmann, 1963;Jewell & Fullagar, 1965;Niethammer, 1969;Serizawa, Suzuki & Tsuchiya, 2000;Michaux et al, 2001;Filippucci, Macholán & Michaux, 2002). In temperate Europe, the genus Apodemus is the dominant rodent present in most woodland and shrub habitats, even near their distribution limits (Kryštufek & Vohralík, 2007;Loman, 2008).…”
Sustainable coexistence of similar, related species is generally expected to be achieved through character displacement, resulting in niche partitioning. The species Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis are very similar both morphologically and ecologically, and have a large geographical overlap. Whether functional or biomechanical differences between these two species contribute to their coexistence remains unknown. A biomechanical model was created based on muscle data derived from dissections to estimate the maximum bite force. In addition, the dental microwear was analysed to test for evidence of a divergence in diet. Finally, geometric morphometric approaches were used to compare mandibular shapes. The results indicate that A. flavicollis, the slightly larger species, is optimized for biting at a larger gape angle. Apodemus sylvaticus appears to be slightly more specialized for grinding and biting at a narrower gape angle. However, the majority of shape variation in the mandible across both species follows the same pattern. No significant differences in microwear were observed between species, and thus, they appear to consume similar food types. These results suggest that character divergence resulting in niche partitioning has not occurred, possibly due to low resource competition. Alternatively, resource partitioning may occur through behavioural differences or differences in activity patterns.
“…W enn m an die graphischen D arstellungen des W achstum s d e r drei A rten vergleicht, kann, m an in den m eisten F ällen zwei P erioden m it eigenem W achstum srhythm us unterscheiden, der durch den E xponenten a ausge d rü ck t w ird (Abb. [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”
A n etw a 500 E xem p laren der G attung Apodemus w u rd en b iom etrisch e 'S tu d ien vorgen om m en so w ie der r ela tiv e W ach stu m srh yth m u s und die B esied lu n g v ersch ied en er B iotop e v erfolgt. Es w u rd e fe s tg e ste llt dass in der R u m än isch en V olk srep u b lik vier Apodem us-Arten Vorkommen: /1. sylvaticus, A. tauricus, A. microps, und A. agrarius. A u f G rund der V ariabilität der u n tersu ch ten M erkm ale w u rd e fe stg e se tz t d ass diese A rten durch N o m in at-U n terarten vertreten w erden d ie für die Z entral europ äisch en P op u lation en ch arak teristisch sind. D ie A rb eit en th ält e b en fa lls die V erb reitu n gsk arte der Apodem us-A rten in der R u m än i schen V olk srep u b lik , so w ie d ie V erb reitu n gsk arte von A. microps in E u ropa. Es w ird erw iesen dass unter den B ed in gu n gen der R u m än isch en V olksrepub lik, A. sylvaticus, A. tauricus und A. agrarius v ersch ied en e B iotope bevorzugen. Es w erd en F ragen über d ie E n tw ick lu n g der A rten im R ahm en der G attung b eh a n d elt so w ie e in ig e M ein u n gen b ezü glich des taxon om isch en W ertes der A rt geäu ssert. Von grossen w issen sc h a ftlic h e n In teresse w ar auch die B esch reib u n g ein er neuen Art dieser G attung A. microps durch Kratoch vil und Rosicky (1952) in der . T sch ech oslovak isch en S o zia listisch en R epublik.
I. EIN LEITU NG D ie G attung
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M. H am ar et al.A ls E rgebnis der bisher du rch gefü h rten F orsch u n gen , konnten ein e R eih e von d iagn ostisch en Sch em as zur B estim m u n g der A rten dieser G attung a u fg e ste llt w e r den und zur Z eit w erd en fa st in allen eu rop äisch en L ändern die U n tersu ch u n gen zur L ösun g der in den letzten Jahren a u fgetau ch ten Fragen, b ezü glich der S y ste m a tik der A poderaus-A rten und der sym p atrisch en A rten im allg em ein en , lo rtg efü h rt.In unserem Land w urden k ein e A rb eiten über die S y stem a tik der Apodem us-A r ten v e r ö ffen tlich t. Csato (1868) In v o rliegender A rbeit haben w ir versucht, durch biom etrische U n te r suchungen die system atische S tellung d er Apodemus-A rten in unserem L and zu k läre n und ein m öglichst vollständiges Bild über ih re V e rb re i tu n g und A ufteilung auf verschiedene Biotope innerhalb ihres A reals zu geben. 2) E b enso danken w ir K ollegen Ghizelea fü r sein e B e r eitw illig k e it uns die im M useum Gr. A ntipa vorhandenen A. agrarius E xem p lare zur U n tersu ch u n g ü b er lassen zu haben. U n tersu ch u n gen über die G attung Apodemus 3 Prof. Dr. K . Zimmermann vom N a tu rw issen sch a ftlich en M useum der H u m boldt U n iv ersitä t B erlin , ü b erp rü fte unsere B estim m u n g von A. microps, w o fü r w ir ihm h erzlich st danken. D as g esam te b earb eitete M aterial w urde nach der von Heptner (1940} a n er kannten M ethode (Z ahnabnutzungsgrad), in drei A ltersk la ssen a u fg eteiit. E benso w u rd e, um festzu stelle n , in w iefern die A u sb ild u n g des g elb en H a lsb a n d es v...
“…In a number of regions, particularly in the southeast (Rumania, the Crimea, and the Caucasus), intermediate and transitional forms have been described (see Peshev and Georgiev, 1961, for a brief review). There is increasing evidence that the two species do form hybrids in the wild, and mixed populations with transitional forms have now been identified in Germany (Englander and Amtmann, 1963;Bothschafter, 1963) . Amtmann (1964) has made a biometrical analysis of samples from populations near Bonn and presents strong evidence for the presence of hybrids.…”
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