“…Nevertheless, even ER genes may be sensitive to changes in environment, as exemplified in recent study showing reduced efficiency of resistance to PVY by Ry chc in response to increasing temperatures observed in Japan (Ohki et al 2018). In contrast to PVY and PVX, a good source of resistance to PLRV has long evaded breeders, but a dominant gene Rl adg conferring high levels of resistance was identified about a decade ago in a potato accession LOP-868 and the subsequently developed SCAR marker (Mihovilovich et al 2014) has enabled rapid introgression into elite germplasm (Carneiro et al 2017). Markers have also been developed for another dominant resistance gene, Rlr etb originating from the non-tuber bearing wild species S. etuberosum (Kuhl et al 2016), but its introgression into advanced breeding populations may still take time due to linkage drag from its wild progenitor.…”
Viruses are among the most significant biotic constraints in potato production. In the century since the discovery of the first potato viruses we have learned more and more about these pathogens, and this has accelerated over the last decade with the advent of high-throughput sequencing in the study of plant virology. Most reviews of potato viruses have focused on temperate potato production systems of Europe and North America. However, potato production is rapidly expanding in tropical and subtropical agro-ecologies of the world in Asia and Africa, which present a unique set of problems for the crop and affect the way viruses can be managed. In this chapter we review the latest discoveries in potato virology as well as the changes in virus populations that have occurred over the last 50 years, with a particular focus on countries in the (sub-)tropics. We also review the different management approaches including use of resistance, seed systems, and cultural approaches that have been employed in different countries and reflect on what can be learnt from past research on potato viruses, and what can be expected in the future facing climate change.
“…Nevertheless, even ER genes may be sensitive to changes in environment, as exemplified in recent study showing reduced efficiency of resistance to PVY by Ry chc in response to increasing temperatures observed in Japan (Ohki et al 2018). In contrast to PVY and PVX, a good source of resistance to PLRV has long evaded breeders, but a dominant gene Rl adg conferring high levels of resistance was identified about a decade ago in a potato accession LOP-868 and the subsequently developed SCAR marker (Mihovilovich et al 2014) has enabled rapid introgression into elite germplasm (Carneiro et al 2017). Markers have also been developed for another dominant resistance gene, Rlr etb originating from the non-tuber bearing wild species S. etuberosum (Kuhl et al 2016), but its introgression into advanced breeding populations may still take time due to linkage drag from its wild progenitor.…”
Viruses are among the most significant biotic constraints in potato production. In the century since the discovery of the first potato viruses we have learned more and more about these pathogens, and this has accelerated over the last decade with the advent of high-throughput sequencing in the study of plant virology. Most reviews of potato viruses have focused on temperate potato production systems of Europe and North America. However, potato production is rapidly expanding in tropical and subtropical agro-ecologies of the world in Asia and Africa, which present a unique set of problems for the crop and affect the way viruses can be managed. In this chapter we review the latest discoveries in potato virology as well as the changes in virus populations that have occurred over the last 50 years, with a particular focus on countries in the (sub-)tropics. We also review the different management approaches including use of resistance, seed systems, and cultural approaches that have been employed in different countries and reflect on what can be learnt from past research on potato viruses, and what can be expected in the future facing climate change.
“…Nevertheless, even ER genes may be sensitive to changes in environment, as exemplified in recent study showing reduced efficiency of resistance to PVY by Ry chc in response to increasing temperatures observed in Japan (Ohki et al 2018). In contrast to PVY and PVX, a good source of resistance to PLRV has long evaded breeders, but a dominant gene Rl adg conferring high levels of resistance was identified about a decade ago in a potato accession LOP-868 and the subsequently developed SCAR marker ) has enabled rapid introgression into elite germplasm (Carneiro et al 2017). Markers have also been developed for another dominant resistance gene, Rlr etb originating from the non-tuber bearing wild species S. etuberosum (Kuhl et al 2016), but its introgression into advanced breeding populations may still take time due to linkage drag from its wild progenitor.…”
“…CIP has also contributed to the development of molecular markers linked to key traits such as potato late blight resistance (Lindqvist-Kreuze et al 2014 , 2021 ), for PVY resistance (Herrera et al 2018 ), and PLRV resistance (Mihovilovich et al 2013 ). Such markers can have a very high return on investment particularly in the case of pathogens that are difficult to phenotype for, such as PLRV (Velásquez et al 2007 ; Mihovilovich et al 2013 ; Carneiro et al 2017 ; RTB 2019 ). Further cost savings can be attributed to outsourcing of genotyping, such as has been promoted by the Excellence in Breeding Platform’s (EiB) Genotyping module ( https://excellenceinbreeding.org/toolbox/collections/5 ).…”
Root and tuber crop breeding is at the front and center of CIP’s science program, which seeks to develop and disseminate sustainable agri-food technologies, information and practices to serve objectives including poverty alleviation, income generation, food security and the sustainable use of natural resources. CIP was established in 1971 in Peru, which is part of potato’s center of origin and diversity, with an initial mandate on potato and expanding to include sweetpotato in 1986. Potato and sweetpotato are among the top 10 most consumed food staples globally and provide some of the most affordable sources of energy and vital nutrients. Sweetpotato plays a key role in securing food for many households in Africa and South Asia, while potato is important worldwide. Both crops grow in a range of conditions with relatively few inputs and simple agronomic techniques. Potato is adapted to the cooler environments, while sweetpotato grows well in hot climates, and hence, the two crops complement each other. Germplasm enhancement (pre-breeding), the development of new varieties and building capacity for breeding and variety testing in changing climates with emphasis on adaptation, resistance, nutritional quality and resource-use efficiency are CIP’s central activities with significant benefits to the poor. Investments in potato and sweetpotato breeding and allied disciplines at CIP have resulted in the release of many varieties some of which have had documented impact in the release countries. Partnership with diverse types of organizations has been key to the centers way of working toward improving livelihoods through crop production in the global South.
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