Introgression and Parapatric Speciation in a Hybrid Zone

Scriber, J. Mark; Ording, Gabe J.; Mercader, Rodrigo J.

doi:10.1525/california/9780520251328.003.0006

Cited by 18 publications

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“…The evolutionary history and direction of introgression in appalachiensis contrasts with the phenomenon of canadensis “late flight”, which has emerged recently near the northern limit of the glaucus-canadensis hybrid zone in Vermont [38], [41]. The late flight occurs in July and is allochronic relative to true (“early flight”) canadensis , which flies in May and June [38], [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The late flight occurs in July and is allochronic relative to true (“early flight”) canadensis , which flies in May and June [38], [41]. The late flight has been hypothesized to be a result of hybridization between glaucus and canadensis , potentially representing an early stage in the evolution of an appalachiensis -like entity [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cold Appalachian thermal habitat ensured that the Z-linked genes associated with this lifestyle persisted from its canadensis ancestry in the proto- appalachiensis populations [16], [37]. This selection also persists today [38]. This unique combination of traits under varied selection may have been critical in helping appalachiensis evolve as a distinct species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It shows affinity with canadensis for traits related to its cooler thermal habitat but with glaucus for traits related to mimicry and sexual/female dimorphism (Figure 1B) [35]–[38]. This mosaic phenotype, which is critical to its existence in cooler, high-elevation habitats along the Appalachian Mountains but within the range of B. philenor , has led to the suggestion that appalachiensis may be a hybrid species [35], [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mosaic phenotype, which is critical to its existence in cooler, high-elevation habitats along the Appalachian Mountains but within the range of B. philenor , has led to the suggestion that appalachiensis may be a hybrid species [35], [37]. In support of this hypothesis, preliminary allozyme data have shown that appalachiensis has a canadensis -like allele at the Z-linked Lactate Dehydrogenase ( Ldh ) gene and a glaucus -like allele at the Z-linked Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ( Pgd ) gene [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

et al. 2011

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Hybrid speciation, or the formation of a daughter species due to interbreeding between two parental species, is a potentially important means of diversification, because it generates new forms from existing variation. However, factors responsible for the origin and maintenance of hybrid species are largely unknown. Here we show that the North American butterfly Papilio appalachiensis is a hybrid species, with genomic admixture from Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Papilio appalachiensis has a mosaic phenotype, which is hypothesized to be the result of combining sex-linked traits from P. glaucus and P. canadensis. We show that P. appalachiensis' Z-linked genes associated with a cooler thermal habitat were inherited from P. canadensis, whereas its W-linked mimicry and mitochondrial DNA were inherited from P. glaucus. Furthermore, genome-wide AFLP markers showed nearly equal contributions from each parental species in the origin of P. appalachiensis, indicating that it formed from a burst of hybridization between the parental species, with little subsequent backcrossing. However, analyses of genetic differentiation, clustering, and polymorphism based on molecular data also showed that P. appalachiensis is genetically distinct from both parental species. Population genetic simulations revealed P. appalachiensis to be much younger than the parental species, with unidirectional gene flow from P. glaucus and P. canadensis into P. appalachiensis. Finally, phylogenetic analyses, combined with ancestral state reconstruction, showed that the two traits that define P. appalachiensis' mosaic phenotype, obligatory pupal diapause and mimicry, evolved uniquely in P. canadensis and P. glaucus, respectively, and were then recombined through hybridization to form P. appalachiensis. These results suggest that natural selection and sex-linked traits may have played an important role in the origin and maintenance of P. appalachiensis as a hybrid species. In particular, ecological barriers associated with a steep thermal cline appear to maintain the distinct, mosaic genome of P. appalachiensis despite contact and occasional hybridization with both parental species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

et al. 2011

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Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient

Ryan

Fontaine

Scriber

et al. 2017

Preprint

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21Hybrid zones are a valuable tool for studying the process of speciation and for identifying 22 the genomic regions undergoing divergence and the ecological (extrinsic) and non-ecological 23 (intrinsic) factors involved. Here, we explored the genomic and geographic landscape of 24 divergence in a hybrid zone between Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Using a genome 25 scan of 28,417 ddRAD SNPs, we identified genomic regions under possible selection and 26 examined their distribution in the context of previously identified candidate genes for ecological 27 adaptations. We showed that differentiation was genome-wide, including multiple candidate 28 genes for ecological adaptations, particularly those involved in seasonal adaptation and host plant 29 detoxification. The Z-chromosome and four autosomes showed a disproportionate amount of 30 differentiation, suggesting genes on these chromosomes play a potential role in reproductive 31 isolation. Cline analyses of significantly differentiated genomic SNPs, and of species diagnostic 32 genetic markers, showed a high degree of geographic coincidence (81%) and concordance (80%) 33 and were associated with the geographic distribution of a climate-mediated developmental 34 threshold (length of the growing season). A relatively large proportion (1.3%) of the outliers for 35 divergent selection were not associated with candidate genes for ecological adaptations and may 36 reflect the presence of previously unrecognized intrinsic barriers between these species. These 37 results suggest that exogenous (climate-mediated) and endogenous (unknown) clines may have 38 become coupled and act together to reinforce reproductive isolation. This approach of assessing 39 divergence across both the genomic and geographic landscape can provide insight about the 40 interplay between the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and endogenous and 41 exogenous selection. 42 43 peer-reviewed)

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The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

et al. 2017

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A key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial (latitudinal), environmental (temperature) and genetic (hybridization) factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to: (1) evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, (2) isolate the stage in which induction occurs, (3) test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and (4) explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis (i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern) and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation (diapause induction) in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.

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Introgression and Parapatric Speciation in a Hybrid Zone

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient

The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

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